that(无词义。不充当任何成分)
if/whether(有词义:是否。不充当任何成分)
who(有词义:谁。充当成分:如主语、表语、宾语、定语)
whom(有词义:谁。充当成分:如主语、表语、宾语、定语)
whose(有词义:谁的。充当成分:如主语、表语、宾语、定语)
what(有词义:...的或...的事情。充当成分:如主语、表语、宾语、定语)
which(有词义:那一个。充当成分:如主语、表语、宾语、定语)
whatever(有词义:无论什么。充当成分:如主语、表语、宾语)
when(有词义:什么时候。充当成分:状语)
where(有词义:在哪里。充当成分:状语)
why(有词义:为什么。充当成分:状语)
how(有词义:如何。充当成分:状语)
11-主语从句
从句引导词:1.all、2.that、3.if、4.whether、5.who、6.whom、7.whose、8.what、9.which、10.when、11.where、12.why、13.how、14.which+名词、15.whose+名词、16、whom
That a monster attacked a ship last week shocked the world // That无词义,不充当任何成分,主语从句代一个事情,所以翻译带...的事情
上周一个怪物袭击一艘船的事情震惊了世界
It was very clear she didn't love you any more
很明显她已经不再爱你了
it is natural that every one has different views about the world //it无意思,有成分,that无意思,无成分
每个人对世界有不同的看法是很自然的
it happened ...
碰巧...
It is said
据说
it is reported
据报道
it is estimated
据估计
Who is going to be our new manager is not important //who谁,连接词作主语
谁将要做我们的新经理不重要
What I want is money // what作宾语不本译,用指代先行词代替翻译
whetherhe was killed last night is not known
it is not known whether/if he was killed last night //whether/if翻译为是否,不做成分
昨晚他是否被杀是不知道的
When we will end the course is not decided //when时间状语,翻译什么时候,只能用一般现在时、一般过去时,一般将来时,不能用在现在完成时态
我们什么时候结束这个课程还没有被决定
When your birthday is //when做表语成分,翻译什么时候。一般用在宾语从句里面,不用在主语从句
Where we are going to celebrate Dragon Boat Day is not decide//where做地点状语,翻译在哪里,一般将来时,一般过去时,一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时.
我们将去哪里过端午节还没有被决定
Where she was last night hasn't been known//where做表语,翻译在哪里,一般将来时,一般过去时,一般现在时,现在完成时,一般用在宾语从句里面,不用在主语从句。
她昨天晚上在哪里还没有被人知道
Why she is alwas sad makes me confused//why原因状语,翻译为什么。
为什么她老师伤心认我想不明白
How he became a famous scientist is known to all//how方式状语,翻译如何
他如何成为一个著名科学家是被众所周知
Who will go shopping is not important//who主语,翻译谁
谁去购物不重要
Who you are hasn't been known//who表语,翻译谁
你是谁还没有被人知道
Whoever is here gets a gift//Whoever主语,翻译无论谁
无论谁来这里都可以获得一份礼物
It makes no difference whoever is going to be our monitor
What you bought yesterday is an ipad //what做宾语,翻译...的东西
你昨天买的(东西)是 一台 平板电脑
What I need is money //what做宾语,翻译...的
我需要的是钱
What you are thinking about is dangerous //what做宾语,翻译...事情
你正在想的(事情)很危险
what you want to buy is a house near the sea// waht做动词不定式的宾语,翻译...的
你想买的是海边的房子
what you enjoy doing every day is making tea//waht做动名词宾语,翻译...的
你每天喜欢做的事情是泡茶
what I teach you every day is English//what做双宾动词的直接宾语,翻译...的
我每天教你们的是英语
What I dream of last night is so terrible//whatt做介词宾语,翻译的事情
我昨晚梦见的事情很可怕
what you are interested in is her plan//whatt做介词宾语,翻译...的
你感兴趣的是她的计划
what hurt me most is my best friend's betrayal//what做主语,翻译在从句后面翻译为...的
最伤我心的是最好的朋友出卖我
whatever=no matter what
whatever she has done is only for you //whatever做宾语,翻译无论主语谓语什么
无论她做什么全是只为了你
All she does is only for money//All翻译所...的
她所做的都是为了钱
All we need to do is to practise oral English as more as we can//All翻译主语所谓语的
我们所要做的就是尽量多练习口语
Which ring is real confused me //which那枚,充当前置定语成分
那枚戒指是真的认我分不清
which girl will marry Oscar//前置定语which,which与girl是主语,翻译那个
那个女孩会嫁给奥斯卡
which girl is the most beautiful//前置定语which,which与girl是主语,翻译那个
哪个女孩最漂亮
which book you are reading//前端定语which,which与book做宾语,翻译那本
你在读哪本书
which book is cheaper//前置定语which,which与book做主语,翻译那本
哪本书更便宜
which girl Oscar will marry //前置定语which,which与girl做宾语,翻译那个
奥斯卡会娶哪个女孩
which girl Oscar will marry is not important//前置定语which,which与girl做宾语,翻译那个
奥斯卡会娶哪个女孩并不重要
whose car you are driving//前置定语whose,whose与car做宾语,翻译谁的
你开的是谁的车
whose wife Jeff seduces//前置定语whose,whose与wife做宾语,翻译谁的
杰夫勾引谁的妻子
whom you support//whom做宾语,翻译谁
whom you want to help//whom做不定式宾语,翻译谁
你想要帮谁
12-表语从句
The truth is that Pandora made a few stupid mistakes//that无词义,表从
真相是潘多拉犯了一些愚蠢的错误
The question is how we can get our tickets //how如何,方式状语
问题是我们如何才能拿到我们的票
The question is where i can get free tickets //where在哪里,地点状语
问题是我在哪里可以得到免费的票
The problem is who can help me// who 主语
问题是谁可以 独自一个人去哪里
The question is when we will begin this program //when什么时候,时间状语
问题是我们什么时候开始这个项目
The question is whether we should use the way to solve the problem//whether是否,不做成分
问题是我们是否用这个方法解决这个问题
//what做宾语,翻译...的
//what做宾补,翻译...的
//what做宾语,翻译...的
//why做原因状语,翻译为什么
//how做状语,翻译那样
13-宾语从句
who:表语,翻译谁
I don't know who you are
我不知道你是谁
宾宾
,目的不定式要带为了
时间状语
时间状语
宾语
时间状语
动名词介词宾语从句,时间状语
时间状语
,
主语从句,表语从句不用考虑
从句一般将来时
从句一般过去时
从句一般现在时
从句一般将来时
how翻译真、多么,做状语
what翻译多么,代词限定词做定语
what a/an 形容词+名词+主语+be
what a/an 形容词+名词+主语+及物动词
we know what a beautiful girl she is//what做限定词前置定语与名词连用做表语,翻译多么,宾语从句
我们知道她是个多么漂亮的女孩
How形容词+主语系动词
you don't know how lucky you are //翻译多么,做状语,宾语从句
你不知道你是多么幸运
How 方式副词+主语+谓语+宾语
Do you know how loudly you sing songs?//翻译多,做状语,宾语从句
你知道你唱歌的声音有多大吗?
Do you know how many students I have?// how many做定语,how many students做表语,翻译多少
你知道我有多少学生吗?
I want to know how much money you have.//how much做定语,翻译多少,how much money做宾语
我不知道你有多少钱
I want to know how often you go home//how often 作状语,翻译多久
我想知道你多久回家一次
Do you know how long I have learned English?//how long,时间状语,放到后面翻译,宾语从句
你知道我学了多久英语了吗?
Do you know How far Guangxi is from Guangdong?//how far,多远,宾语从句
你知道广西离广东有多远吗?
whether he has been killed
when he was killed
where he was killed just now
how he was killed in the hotel
who was killed last night
what was bought just now
Whether he has been killed is not known
他是否已经被杀还不知道
14-定语从句
时态无要求
先行词
关系代词:who(无意思) whom whose which that as
关系副词 when where why
介词+which
of+which 介词 前移或者 whose=of+which
of+whom 介词前移
关系代词和关系副词在从句没意思,担任成分
who:无词义,做主语
The one/man who will marry her must be happy
娶了她的男人肯定很幸福
who:无词义,做主语
//who无词义,代替people,,做主语
The man whom you will marry next year is with you now
你明年要娶的人现在和你在一起
The one whom you love has got married,the one who loves you is too ugly
你爱的人结婚了,爱你的人太丑了
她在我们之中是唯一懂法语的人
硬翻the only one knows French只有一个人懂法语
that只要是做宾语都可以省略
this is all that I want to say
这就是我想说的一切
可以改成这样表达:the+名词+of+which
可省略
可省略
在定语从句 作状语
which是做介词的宾语了
of which 在从句只是个后置定语 与前面名词构造主语 ,分开句型可以代入翻译,平常翻译不代的,代入翻译也是按照成分变换位置翻译,不能变换是硬翻,意思有差别,但勉强可以
变换
未变
变换为the roof of which
变换
The house whose windows were damaged has been repaired 未变
变换
变换与未变对比
固定介词动词短语前移的,当做一个逻辑主语,其实就是介词的宾语, speaking of the film
当做两个主语有关系,of which 在从句只是个后置定语 与前面名词构造主语,忽略The house
一个主语 The house's price复合名词,或者直接忽略 of which,这个只是形式上的 of which,构成前移介词或者拿of which去修饰house(因为无生命),不能按照形式上的后置定语翻译,house先行词是最后翻译的。
或者这个只是跟介词动词短语前移规则(表面上)+为了修饰无生命的名词 house's的一种变换(whose变为which引导),The house's price = whose price 变换 = the price of the house = the price of which
另外一个主语是真的介词动短语前移而已,还是做介词宾语
who不翻译(代人)
where 哪里(代地点)
whom
as
when
介词+which
which不翻译,代物(或者整句话)不能用that
中间有定语或者状语或者谓语隔开,中间头重脚轻(不用it做形式宾语)
时间状语从句从属连词
when/while 当...时候
as 当...时候
after ...之后
before ...之前
since 自从...
until 直到...
as soon as 一...就
once 一旦...
Whenever 无论什么时候
地点状语连词副词
where 在哪里(在...地放)
wherever 无论在哪里
原因状语从属连词
because因为
so所以
as 因为
for 因为
since既然
从句一般过去时态,复合句用过去进行时态
when引导的从句有限制条件
句型结构只能是
when+主谓宾
when+被动句
when+主系表不能表达过去某一刻,复合没法用过去进行时态
主将(一般将来时)从现(一般现在时) ,时间状语从句, 条件状语从句,复合句决定从句
when一般不出现在过去完成时态、现在完成时态、过去进行时态或现在进行时态
到现在
伤心
现在完成时态谓语用了非延续性动词,不能跟时间延续的时间状语
错,离开的动作3年了
用延续性动词
用since解决
时态,从句和复合句差不多
连接副词 where(少) 在哪里 wherever(多) 无论在哪里
no matter where = wherever
where 在...地方,有...地方(系表结构)
wherever没有时态要求
where 在...地方
从属连词
because因为
so 所以
as 因为
for 因为
since 既然
无时态要求
if如果
unless除非
as long as 只有
真实条件状语从句用主将从现
时态没什么要求
连接词
as 按照
just as 正如
as if 好像
没什么时态要求,复合句之间没什么时态要求(even if除外)
Though/although 尽管
even if/even though 即使
even if 引导有主将从现规则
连接词
That(少用) 以便
so that 以便
in order that为了
lest 以免
时态没有特别要求
so that(少) 以至
such 可以代替so未讲
so...that如此....以至....
than 比
As...as 和...一样
not so ...as 不如...
less...than 不如
no man thinks of the patriotism,as well as abilities,of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the house
more highly than I do.
没有人比我认为刚刚在房子发表演讲的那些非常可敬的绅士们的爱国精神和能力更加高(评价)。
你越高,你看起来就越帅
