The balalaika, also called the "Russian guitar", is a traditional Russian musical instrument. It has a long neck, a wooden triangle-shaped body and strings. It is usually used to play Russian music by plucking the strings with fingers or a pick.
巴拉莱卡琴，也被称为“俄罗斯吉他”，是一种传统的俄罗斯乐器。它有一个长长的琴颈，一个木制的三角形主体和琴弦。通常用手指或琴拨拨它的弦来演奏俄罗斯音乐。
Russians like the balalaika. The music played with it can be cheerful, as if the farmers were dancing happily to celebrate their harvest. It can also be energetic, as if the workers were working hard to make their country richer and stronger. If a Russian moves to live or work abroad, he will probably take a balalaika with him. When he feels lonely and sad, he will play it to cheer himself up.
俄罗斯人喜欢巴拉莱卡琴。用它演奏的音乐可以很欢快，就好像农民在欢快地跳舞以庆祝庄稼收获。它也可以充满活力，就好像工人们正在努力工作使自己的国家变得更加富裕和强大。如果俄罗斯人搬到国外生活或工作，他可能会随身携带一个巴拉莱卡琴。当他感到孤独和悲伤时，他会弹琴让自己振作起来。
The balalaika was originally played by the poor in Russia. At that time, balalaikas were made by the players themselves. They were rough, simple and cheap with different numbers of strings, from two to even six. Later a Russian musician Vasily Vasil'yevich Andreev (1861—1918) improved the balalaika. He created a whole family of balalaika of different sizes, all with three strings. The smallest balalaika is called Prima. It is 60—70 cm long. The biggest, Contrabass, is almost 2 metres high with a leg to sit on the floor. Andreev founded the first balalaika orchestra in the world, mainly using balalaikas to perform. He gave concerts at the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1889, which was a great success.
巴拉莱卡琴最初是由俄罗斯的穷人演奏的。那时，巴拉莱卡琴是由演奏者自己制作的。它们粗糙、简单、便宜，琴弦的根数不同，从两根到六根琴弦的的都有。后来，俄罗斯音乐家瓦西里·瓦西尔耶维奇·安德烈耶夫 (1861—1918) 改进了巴拉莱卡琴。他创造了一整套不同大小的巴拉莱卡琴，这些琴都是三根弦。最小的巴拉莱卡琴叫做普里马。它长60—70厘米。最大的是低音大提琴，它高约2米，有一条腿立在地上。安德烈耶夫还创立了世界上第一支巴拉莱卡管弦乐队，乐队主要使用巴拉莱卡琴进行演奏。1889年，他在巴黎世界博览会上举办了音乐会，并取得巨大成功。
Today, there are balalaika groups performing around the world. More and more people get to know the balalaika and are attracted by its Russian style music.
如今，在世界各地都有巴拉莱卡乐队在表演。越来越多的人开始了解巴拉莱卡琴，并被其俄罗斯风格的音乐所吸引。
读后习题 [1/4]
The Balalaika
第 1 题
The balalaika is a musical instrument _____.
正确答案 B
A. without strings
B. with a long neck
C. of a round shape
D. with a metal body
习题答疑
It has a long neck, a wooden triangle-shaped body and strings.
本题提问巴拉莱卡琴是一种怎样的乐器。根据关键词musical instrument可以直接定位到第一段，第二句便提到巴拉莱卡琴的特点是"It has a long neck, a wooden triangle-shaped body and strings"。
选项A，“没有琴弦”。而原文提到它是有琴弦的，故排除。
选项B，“有长长的琴颈”。与原文表达一致，故为正确答案。
选项C，“是圆形的”。原文中是”triangle-shaped“三角形的，故排除。
选项D，“是金属主体”。原文中是“wooden”木质的，明显不是金属的，故排除。
第 2 题
The music played with a balalaika is usually _____.
正确答案 D
A. slow and sad
B. strong and serious
C. soft and modern
D. cheerful and energetic
习题答疑
The music played with it can be cheerful, as if the farmers were dancing happily to celebrate their harvest. It can also be energetic, as if the workers were working hard to make their country richer and stronger.
本题提问用巴拉莱卡琴演奏的音乐往往怎么样。根据"The music played with a balalaika"可以定位到第二段第二句，对应"The music played with it"。从后文可以看到紧接"cheerful"，下一句又提到"It can also be energetic"，由此可知这种音乐是cheerful and energetic的。
选项 A，slow and sad，缓慢且悲伤。与原文不符，故排除。
选项 B，strong and serious，强烈且严肃。与原文不符，故排除。
选项 C，soft and modern，轻柔且时髦。与原文不符，故排除。
选项 D，cheerful and energetic，愉悦且充满活力。与原文表意一致，故为正确答案。
第 3 题
Andreev is mentioned in Paragraph Three to introduce _____.
正确答案 D
A. the success of balalaika concerts
B. the history of balalaika orchestras
C. his talent for playing the balalaika
D. his contributions to the balalaika
习题答疑
Later a Russian musician Vasily Vasil'yevich Andreev (1861—1918) improved the balalaika. He created a whole family of balalaika of different sizes, all with three strings.
Andreev founded the first balalaika orchestra in the world, mainly using balalaikas to perform. He gave concerts at the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1889, which was a great success.
本文提问第三段提到Andreev是为了介绍什么内容。可以看到第三段讲到，他"improved the balalaika"改进了巴拉莱卡琴；"created a whole family of balalaika of different sizes"创造了一整套不同大小的巴拉莱卡琴；"founded the first balalaika orchestra in the world"创立了世界上第一支巴拉莱卡管弦乐队；"gave concerts at the Universal Exposition"在世界博览会上举办音乐会。从这些内容都可以看出，文段是在介绍Andreev对巴拉莱卡琴的贡献。
选项 A，“巴拉莱卡琴音乐会的成功”。这只是Andreev带来的成就之一，但不能概括文章介绍他的所有内容，故排除。
选项 B，“巴拉莱卡琴管弦乐队的历史“。文段并不是在介绍其历史，而是在介绍Andreev创立了管弦乐队，故排除。
选项 C，“他弹巴拉莱卡琴的天赋”。文中未提及。
选项 D，“他对巴拉莱卡琴的贡献”。与原文表意一致，故为正确答案。
第 4 题
Which of the following can be best title for the passage?
正确答案 C
A. Balalaika: The “Russian Guitar” for the Poor
B. Russia: The Home of Famous Balalaika Musicians
C. Balalaika: A Traditional Russian Musical Instrument
D. Russia: The International Hand-made Balalaika Factory
习题答疑
本文提问以下选项哪一个是文章的最佳标题。
选项 A，“巴拉莱卡琴：穷人的‘俄罗斯吉他’”。文章只是提到一句巴拉莱卡琴最初是穷人演奏的，并没有全文介绍这一内容，因此概括不准确、不全面，故排除。
选项 B，“俄罗斯：著名巴拉莱卡琴音乐家的故乡”。文章通篇介绍巴拉莱卡琴，并非俄罗斯这一国家，因此该选项重点放错，故排除。
选项 C，“巴拉莱卡琴：一种俄罗斯的传统乐器”。概括了文章介绍内容，故为正确选项。
选项 D，“俄罗斯：国际化的手工巴拉莱卡琴工厂”。文章没有涉及该内容，故排除。
01
The balalaika, also called the "Russian guitar", is a traditional Russian musical instrument. It has a long neck, a wooden triangle-shaped body and strings. It is usually used to play Russian music by plucking the strings with fingers or a pick.
重点词汇词组
traditional
adj. 传统的
The restaurant provides good traditional food.
这家餐厅提供传统美食。
instrument
n. 乐器
Go in and ask him the price of the instrument.
进去问问他这个乐器值多少钱。
string
n. (乐器上的) 弦
I love the way the strings sounded.
我很喜欢琴弦发出的声音。
pluck
v. 拉，拨
He idly plucked the strings of the guitar.
他漫不经心地拨弄着吉他的琴弦。
pick
n. (拨琴弦用的) 拨子，琴拨
You should play the instrument with a pick.
你应该用琴拨来演奏这个乐器。
句子解析
解
主语；谓语；宾语；定语；状语；补语；表语
主The balalaika, 定 called the "Russian guitar", 谓is 表a traditional Russian musical instrument. 主It 谓has 宾a long neck, a wooden triangle-shaped body and strings. 主It 谓is usually used to play 宾Russian music 状by plucking the strings with fingers or a pick.
析
1. called the "Russian guitar" 是过去分词作定语，修饰the balalaika。相当于The balalaika, which is called the "Russian guitar". 的定语从句。
2. It is usually used to play Russian music by plucking the strings with fingers or a pick.中，by引导方式状语，表示用...的方式。其中with在这里是指“用 (某种工具)”，在文中即是指“用手指或琴拨”。
02
Russians like the balalaika. The music played with it can be cheerful, as if the farmers were dancing happily to celebrate their harvest. It can also be energetic, as if the workers were working hard to make their country richer and stronger. If a Russian moves to live or work abroad, he will probably take a balalaika with him. When he feels lonely and sad, he will play it to cheer himself up.
重点词汇词组
cheerful
adj. 愉快的
Why are you so bright and cheerful today?
你今天怎么这么高兴？
harvest
n. 收获
The autumn harvest is about to start.
秋收即将开始。
energetic
adj. 充满活力的
This energetic man was not strong when he was a boy.
这个充满活力的男人小时候并不强壮。
abroad
adv. 在国外，到国外
Many teams have also been training abroad.
很多队伍也在国外集训。
cheer ... up
使...高兴起来，使...振作起来
I'd do anything to cheer you up.
只要能让你开心起来，我什么都愿意做。
句子解析
解
主语；谓语；宾语；定语；状语；补语；表语
主The music 定played with it 谓can be 表cheerful, 状as if the farmers were dancing happily to celebrate their harvest. 主It 谓can also be 表energetic, 状as if the workers were working hard to make their country richer and stronger. 状If a Russian moves to live or work abroad, 主he 谓will probably take 宾a balalaika 状with him. 状When he feels lonely and sad, 主he 谓will play 宾it 状to cheer himself up.
1. played with it为过去分词作后置定语，修饰the music。
2. 该段中出现了两次as if。在这里，as if引导方式状语从句，需要注意的是这里的从句需要用虚拟语气。因为从句所述情况并不是真实的现实情况，只是说这种欢乐的、充满活力的曲子给人的感觉“好像农夫们在欢快地跳舞以庆祝庄稼收获”，“好像工人们正努力工作使自己的国家变得更加富强“。
这两个从句结构又分别可以分为：
(1). 主the farmers 谓were dancing 状happily to celebrate their harvest.
(2). 主the workers 谓were working 状hard to make their country richer and stronger.
3. If a Russian moves to live or work abroad为if引导的条件状语从句。其结构又可分为：
主A Russian 谓moves to live or work 状abroad.
4. When he feels lonely and sad为when引导的时间状语从句。其结构又可分为：
主He 谓feels 表lonely and sad.
03
The balalaika was originally played by the poor in Russia. At that time, balalaikas were made by the players themselves. They were rough, simple and cheap with different numbers of strings, from two to even six. Later a Russian musician Vasily Vasil'yevich Andreev (1861—1918) improved the balalaika. He created a whole family of balalaika of different sizes, all with three strings. The smallest balalaika is called Prima. It is 60—70 cm long. The biggest, Contrabass, is almost 2 metres high with a leg to sit on the floor. Andreev founded the first balalaika orchestra in the world, mainly using balalaikas to perform. He gave concerts at the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1889, which was a great success.
重点词汇词组
originally
adv. 起初
He came here originally to make money.
原先他是来这儿挣钱的。
rough
adj. 粗糙的
The monkey's skin has a rough feel.
猴子的皮肤有一种粗糙感。
orchestra
n. 管弦乐队
He plays the violin in an orchestra.
他在管弦乐队中演奏小提琴。
句子解析
解
主语；谓语；宾语；定语；状语；补语；表语
主Andreev 谓founded 宾the first balalaika orchestra 状in the world, 定mainly using balalaikas to perform. 主He 谓gave 宾concerts 状at the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1889, 定which was a great success.
析
1. mainly using balalaikas to perform为现在分词作定语，补充说明Andreev创立的the first balalaika orchestra主要是用balalaika进行表演的。
2. which was a great success为which引导定语从句，修饰的是concerts。
04
Today, there are balalaika groups performing around the world. More and more people get to know the balalaika and are attracted by its Russian style music.
重点词汇词组
attract
v. 吸引
The movie start did not want to attract attention.
这位电影明星不想引起注意。
