老子《道德经》中英译文对照：第28章
整理：孙畅 2022年1月
[王本] 9787101143843《帛书老子校注》第28章
28.1 知其雄，守其雌，为天下谿。为天下谿，常德不离，复归于婴儿。
28.2 知其白，守其黑，为天下式。为天下式，常德不忒，复归于无极。知其荣，守其辱，为天下谷。为天下谷，常德乃足，复归于朴。
28.3 朴散则为器，圣人用之则为官长，故大制不割。
[甲本] 9787101143843《帛书老子校注》第28章
28.1 知其雄，守其雌，为天下溪。为天下溪，恒德不雞（离）。恒德不雞（离），复归婴儿。
28.2 知其日（荣），守其辱，为天下浴（谷）。为天下浴（谷），恒德乃〔足〕。恒德乃〔足，复归于朴〕。知其，守其黑，为天下式。为天下式，恒德不贷（忒）。恒德不贷（忒），复归于无极。
28.3 楃（朴）散〔则为器，圣〕人用则为官长，夫大制无割。
[乙本] 9787101143843《帛书老子校注》第28章
28.1 知其雄，守其雌，为天下雞（溪）。为天下雞（溪），恒德不离（离）。恒德不离（离），复〔归于婴儿〕。
28.2〔知〕其白（日），守其辱，为天下浴（谷）。为天下浴（谷），恒德乃足。恒德乃足，复归于朴。知其白，守其黑，为天下式。为天下式，恒德不贷（忒）。恒德不贷（忒），复归于无极。
28.3 朴散则为器，圣（圣）人用则为官长，夫大制无割。
[1] 9787551815543《道德经——中华经典国学口袋书》
知道什么是雄强，却安于柔雌的地位，甘做天下的沟溪。甘做天下的沟溪，高尚的品德就永远不会丧失，就能恢复到无知无欲的婴儿状态。
知道什么是显赫，却安于低下的地位，做天下的榜样。做天下的榜样，品德就永远不会出差错，就能具有无穷的力量。知道什么是荣耀，却安于屈辱的地位，甘做天下的川谷。甘做天下的川谷，高尚品德就会永远保持充足，就能够同“道”一样真朴。
普遍规律会分别变为万物各自的本性，圣人就顺应着万物各自的本性去进行管理。所以说最完美的治理是不伤害万物本性的。
[2] 9787542663092《国学译注——老子译注》
深知自己是雄健的，却自甘居于柔弱的地位，作为天下的溪涧。作为天下的溪涧，天赋的本性就不会离散，而又回复到婴儿的状态。
深知光明，却甘居于黑暗，作为天下的准则。作为天下的准则，天赋的本性就不会缺损，而又回复到原始的境界。深知自己是尊贵的，却甘居于卑微的地位，作为天下所归附的大谷。作为天下所归附的大谷，天赋的本性才能保持充足，而回复到质朴的状态。
质朴的道分散成为各种各样的器物，圣人沿用质朴，则成为百官的首长，因此，完善的政治是不会割裂的。
[3] 9787511366436《全注全译——老子 • 庄子》
知道雄强的好处，却安于雌弱的地位，这样就可以成为天下的溪壑。成为天下的溪壑，就会有众多的水流归注其中，而他所秉持的道德也就不会离开他，而且他还能回复到婴儿般的朴质状态，达到一种纯真的境界。
知道光明的好处，却安于暗昧的位置，这样就可以成为天下效仿的榜样。成为天下效仿的榜样，他所秉持的道德就不会有差错，他会再回复到那一种终极的状态。知道荣耀的好处，却能安于卑辱的地位，这样就可以成为天下的山谷。成为天下的山谷，就会得到众人的归顺，而他所秉持的道德才算完备，而又回复到朴质的状态。
朴质的状态被破坏之后，就会成为具体的器物，圣人依循这个原则，建立了管理和领导的体制。所以，在完善的体制中是不会有强为割裂之事发生的。
[4] 9787501355709 任继愈著《老子绎读》
虽深知什么是刚强，却安于弱势的柔雌，甘作天下的沟溪。甘作天下的沟溪：永恒的“德”永不相离，重新到单纯的状态，像婴儿。
虽深知什么是光彩，却安于沉默的地位，甘作平凡的工具。甘作平凡的工具：与永恒的“德”不会差池，回复到最后的真理。看透了荣誉，却安于卑下，甘作天下的沟溪。甘作天下的沟溪：永恒的“德”得以充实，回到“质朴”的境地。
“朴”被破坏，分散为具体的东西，“圣人”在“朴”被破坏了的形势实行管理，所以用因势利导的管理方式。
[5] 9103704378 Tao Té Ching (Signet Classics)
Be aware of your masculine nature;
But by keeping the feminine way,
You shall be to the world like a canyon,
Where the Virtue eternal abides,
And go back to become as a child.
Be aware of the white all around you;
But rememb’ring the black that is there,
You shall be to the world like a tester,
Whom the Virtue eternal, unerring,
Redirects to the infinite past.
Be aware of your glory and honor;
But in never relinquishing shame,
You shall be to the world like a valley,
Where Virtue eternal, sufficient,
Sends you back to the Virginal Block.
When the Virginal Block is asunder,
And is made into several tools,
To the ends of the Wise Man directed,
They become then his chief officers:
For “The Master himself does not carve.”
[6] 9173693367 Tao Te Ching (Wordsworth Classics of World Literature)
“He who knows the male, yet cleaves to what is female
Becomes like a ravine, receiving all things under heaven,”
And being such a ravine
He knows all the time a power that he never calls upon in vain.
This is returning to the state of infancy.
He who knows the white, yet cleaves to the black
Becomes the standard by which all things are tested;
And being such a standard
He has all the time a power that never errs,
He returns to the Limitless.
He who knows glory,
Yet cleaves to ignominy
Becomes like a valley that receives into it all things under heaven,
And being such a valley
He has all the time a power that suffices;
He returns to the state of the Uncarved Block.
Now when a block is sawed up it is made into implements;
But when the Sage uses it, it becomes Chief of all Ministers.
Truly, “The greatest carver does the least cutting.”
[7] 9009414825 Tao Te Ching: A New English Version (Perennial Classics)
Know the male,
yet keep to the female:
receive the world in your arms.
If you receive the world,
the Tao will never leave you
and you will be like a little child.
Know the white,
yet keep to the black:
be a pattern for the world.
If you are a pattern for the world,
the Tao will be strong inside you
and there will be nothing you can’t do.
Know the personal,
yet keep to the impersonal:
accept the world as it is.
If you accept the world,
the Tao will be luminous inside you
and you will return to your primal self.
The world is formed from the void,
like utensils from a block of wood.
The Master knows the utensils,
yet keeps to the block:
thus she can use all things.
[8] 9001297579 Lao Tzu: Te-Tao Ching – A New Translation Based on the Recently Discovered Ma-wang-tui Texts
When you know the male yet hold on to the female,
You’ll be the ravine of the country.
When you’re the ravine of the country,
Your constant virtue will not leave.
And when your constant virtue doesn’t leave,
You’ll return to the state of the infant.
When you know the pure yet hold on to the soiled,
You’ll be the valley of the country.
When you’re the valley of the country,
Your constant virtue is complete.
And when your constant virtue is complete,
You’ll return to the state of uncarved wood.
When you know the white yet hold on to the black,
You’ll be the model for the country.
And when you’re the model for the country,
Your constant virtue will not go astray.
And when your constant virtue does not go astray,
You’ll return to the condition which has no limit.
When uncarved wood is cut up, it’s turned into vessels;
When the Sage is used, he becomes the Head of Officials.
Truly, great carving is done without splitting up.
