快速了解科研前沿动态，每天都有新想法！本内容主要对生命科学领域的一些期刊文章标题进行翻译，如果出现翻译错误请谅解。

1.Internal clocks. Animal studies have shown that the ageing process varies not only between individuals but also between organs within an individual. In this week’s issue, Tony Wyss-Coray and his colleagues reveal that this ageing difference holds true for humans, too. The researchers assessed levels of human blood plasma proteins originating from 11 organs to measure organ-specific ageing differences in 5,676 adults. They found that nearly one-fifth of the people showed strongly accelerated ageing in one organ and 1.7% showed ageing in multiple organs. The team suggests that blood proteins offer a ready way to detect the ageing effects in organs, and could help to track health and disease. .

内部时钟。动物研究表明，衰老过程不仅在个体之间存在差异，而且在个体内部的器官之间也存在差异。在本周的期刊中，托尼·怀斯-科雷（Tony Wyss-Coray）和他的同事透露，这种衰老差异也适用于人类。研究人员评估了来自 11 个器官的人类血浆蛋白水平，以测量 5,676 名成年人的器官特异性衰老差异。他们发现，近五分之一的人表现出一种器官的严重加速衰老，1.7%的人表现出多种器官的衰老。研究小组认为，血液蛋白提供了一种现成的方法来检测器官的衰老影响，并有助于追踪健康和疾病。

2.Brain maps. In this week’s issue, researchers working as part of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) present nine papers that map the entire mouse brain in unprecedented detail. Three papers by Hongkui Zeng, Xiaowei Zhuang, Evan Macosko and colleagues describe the transcriptomic and spatial cell atlases of the whole mouse brain, depicting the molecular signatures, spatial organization, and cell–cell interactions of thousands of cell types. (A related paper published earlier by Xiao Wang and co-workers also probes the cell type architecture in the brain.) A pair of papers by Edward Callaway, Joseph Ecker, Zhigang He and colleagues examine the links between the identity of neurons and where they extend their axons. And across three papers, Bing Ren, Joseph Ecker and co-workers examine the epigenetic landscape of the mouse brain, looking at regulatory elements in various cell types. Finally, Karthik Shekhar, Joshua Sanes and colleagues use single-cell RNA sequencing data from 17 vertebrate species to probe the evolution of cell types in the retina.

脑图。在本周的期刊中，BRAIN Initiative 细胞普查网络 (BICCN) 的研究人员发表了九篇论文，以前所未有的详细程度绘制了整个小鼠大脑的图谱。 Hongkui Zeng、Xiaowei Zhuang、Evan Macosko 及其同事的三篇论文描述了整个小鼠大脑的转录组和空间细胞图谱，描绘了数千种细胞类型的分子特征、空间组织和细胞间相互作用。 （Xiao Wang 及其同事之前发表的一篇相关论文也探讨了大脑中的细胞类型结构。）Edward Callaway、Joseph Ecker、Zhigang He 及其同事发表的两篇论文研究了神经元的身份及其位置之间的联系。延长他们的轴突。在三篇论文中，Bing Ren、Joseph Ecker 和同事研究了小鼠大脑的表观遗传景观，研究了各种细胞类型中的调控元件。最后，Karthik Shekhar、Joshua Sanes 及其同事利用来自 17 种脊椎动物的单细胞 RNA 测序数据来探究视网膜细胞类型的进化。

3.One year. Ten stories.. With 2023 drawing to a close, we look back on the past 12 months through the lens of Nature’s 10 — ten people who helped to shape science during the year. The cover takes its inspiration from one of the developments that dominated the year: artificial intelligence. The number ten is based on some 1,700 queries from Artificial Worldviews to ChatGPT, which were then visualized as a network connecting people, objects and places with the fields and subfields into which ChatGPT categorizes its knowledge. .

一年。十个故事……随着 2023 年接近尾声，我们通过《自然》杂志评选的 10 位在这一年中帮助塑造科学的十位人物的镜头回顾过去 12 个月。封面的灵感来自于这一年的主导发展之一：人工智能。第十名是基于从人工世界观到 ChatGPT 的大约 1,700 个查询，然后将其可视化为一个网络，将人、物体和地点与 ChatGPT 对其知识进行分类的字段和子字段连接起来。

4.Ancient DNA uncovers past migrations in California.

古代 DNA 揭示了加州过去的迁徙。

5.Diabetes prevention programme put to the test.

糖尿病预防计划经受考验。

6.From the archive: Uri Geller’s tricks, and willows to the rescue.

来自档案：尤里·盖勒 (Uri Geller) 的伎俩，以及柳树的救援。

7.Emissions scenarios and targets aligned to meet climate goals.

为实现气候目标而调整的排放情景和目标。

8.The overlooked role of landscape dynamics in steering biodiversity.

景观动态在引导生物多样性方面的被忽视的作用。

9.Self-assembling structures close the gap to trap light.

自组装结构缩小了间隙以捕获光线。

10.How hyenas decide whether to form a lion-fighting mob.

鬣狗如何决定是否组成一支与狮子战斗的暴徒。

11.Genes are often uninformative for dating species’ origins.

基因通常无法提供确定物种起源的信息。

12.Bipolar outflows out to 10 kpc for massive galaxies at redshift z ≈ 1.

对于红移 z ≈ 1 的大质量星系，双极流出量可达 10 kpc。

13.Self-assembled photonic cavities with atomic-scale confinement.

具有原子级限制的自组装光子腔。

14.Single-molecule electron spin resonance by means of atomic force microscopy.

通过原子力显微镜进行单分子电子自旋共振。

15.Aspartate all-in-one doping strategy enables efficient all-perovskite tandems.

天冬氨酸一体化掺杂策略可实现高效的全钙钛矿串联。

16.Ultralow-resistance electrochemical capacitor for integrable line filtering.

用于可集成线路滤波的超低电阻电化学电容器。

17.Scaling deep learning for materials discovery.

扩展深度学习以促进材料发现。

18.An autonomous laboratory for the accelerated synthesis of novel materials.

加速合成新型材料的自主实验室。

19.Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential.

天然林碳潜力的全球综合评估。

20.Aligning climate scenarios to emissions inventories shifts global benchmarks.

将气候情景与排放清单保持一致会改变全球基准。

21.Revising the global biogeography of annual and perennial plants.

修订一年生和多年生植物的全球生物地理学。

22.Landscape dynamics and the Phanerozoic diversification of the biosphere.

景观动力学和生物圈的显生宙多样化。

23.Genetic continuity and change among the Indigenous peoples of California.

加利福尼亚州原住民的遗传连续性和变化。

24.Sequential appetite suppression by oral and visceral feedback to the brainstem.

通过口腔和内脏反馈到脑干来顺序抑制食欲。

25.Quasi-experimental evaluation of a nationwide diabetes prevention programme.

全国糖尿病预防计划的准实验评估。

26.Porin-independent accumulation in Pseudomonas enables antibiotic discovery.

假单胞菌中不依赖于孔蛋白的积累使得抗生素的发现成为可能。

27.Single-cell CRISPR screens in vivo map T cell fate regulomes in cancer.

单细胞 CRISPR 筛选体内癌症 T 细胞命运调控组图谱。

28.Organ aging signatures in the plasma proteome track health and disease.

血浆蛋白质组中的器官衰老特征追踪健康和疾病。

29.MSL2 ensures biallelic gene expression in mammals.

MSL2 确保双等位基因在哺乳动物中表达。

30.Plant carbonic anhydrase-like enzymes in neuroactive alkaloid biosynthesis.

神经活性生物碱生物合成中的植物碳酸酐酶样酶。

31.The social and structural architecture of the yeast protein interactome.

酵母蛋白相互作用组的社会和结构架构。

32.Sialoglycan binding triggers spike opening in a human coronavirus.

唾液酸聚糖结合会触发人类冠状病毒的刺突开放。

33.TMPRSS2 is a functional receptor for human coronavirus HKU1.

TMPRSS2 是人类冠状病毒 HKU1 的功能受体。

34.An immune-cell transcription factor tethers DNA together.

免疫细胞转录因子将 DNA 连接在一起。

35.The laser trick that could put an ultraprecise optical clock on a chip.

激光技巧可以在芯片上放置超精确的光学时钟。

36.Domestic cats eat whatever they can catch.

家猫抓到什么就吃什么。

37.MYC protein helps cancer to take its vitamins.

MYC 蛋白质有助于癌症吸收其维生素。

38.Twisted system makes nanolasers shine together.

扭曲的系统使纳米激光器一起发光。

39.Harmful tumour–kidney interactions identified.

确定了有害的肿瘤-肾脏相互作用。

40.Cellular atlases of the entire mouse brain.

整个小鼠大脑的细胞图谱。

41.15NH3 in the atmosphere of a cool brown dwarf.

冷褐矮星大气中的 15NH3。

42.Kerr-induced synchronization of a cavity soliton to an optical reference.

克尔引起的腔孤子与光学参考的同步。

43.Imaging quantum oscillations and millitesla pseudomagnetic fields in graphene.

成像石墨烯中的量子振荡和毫特斯拉赝磁场。

44.Reconfigurable moiré nanolaser arrays with phase synchronization.

具有相位同步功能的可重构莫尔纳米激光阵列。

45.Low-loss contacts on textured substrates for inverted perovskite solar cells.

用于倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池的纹理基板上的低损耗触点。

46.Water-responsive supercontractile polymer films for bioelectronic interfaces.

用于生物电子界面的水响应性超收缩聚合物薄膜。

47.Multiscale stress deconcentration amplifies fatigue resistance of rubber.

多尺度应力分散增强了橡胶的抗疲劳性能。

48.Spread in climate policy scenarios unravelled.

气候政策情景中的传播已被揭开。

49.A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain.

整个小鼠大脑中细胞类型的高分辨率转录组和空间图谱。

50.The molecular cytoarchitecture of the adult mouse brain.

成年小鼠大脑的分子细胞结构。

51.Molecularly defined and spatially resolved cell atlas of the whole mouse brain.

整个小鼠大脑的分子定义和空间解析细胞图谱。

52.Brain-wide correspondence of neuronal epigenomics and distant projections.

神经元表观基因组学和远距离预测的全脑对应。

53.Single-cell DNA methylome and 3D multi-omic atlas of the adult mouse brain.

成年小鼠大脑的单细胞 DNA 甲基化组和 3D 多组学图谱。

54.Single-cell analysis of chromatin accessibility in the adult mouse brain.

成年小鼠大脑染色质可及性的单细胞分析。

55.Conserved and divergent gene regulatory programs of the mammalian neocortex.

哺乳动物新皮质的保守和不同的基因调控程序。

56.A transcriptomic taxonomy of mouse brain-wide spinal projecting neurons.

小鼠全脑脊髓投射神经元的转录组分类学。

57.Evolution of neuronal cell classes and types in the vertebrate retina.

脊椎动物视网膜中神经元细胞类别和类型的进化。

58.A novel antidiuretic hormone governs tumour-induced renal dysfunction.

一种新型抗利尿激素控制肿瘤引起的肾功能障碍。

59.FOXP3 recognizes microsatellites and bridges DNA through multimerization.

FOXP3 识别微卫星并通过多聚化桥接 DNA。

60.Recognition and maturation of IL-18 by caspase-4 noncanonical inflammasome.

Caspase-4 非经典炎症体对 IL-18 的识别和成熟。

61.Structural insights into cytokine cleavage by inflammatory caspase-4.

炎症性 caspase-4 裂解细胞因子的结构见解。

62.Wetlands, neutrinos and warning coloration: kicking off a year of remarkable science.

湿地、中微子和警告色：开启了非凡科学的一年。

63.Plastic pollution, viral evolution and drowned coasts: wrapping up a year of remarkable science.

塑料污染、病毒进化和淹没海岸：结束了非凡科学的一年。

64.Structures of the amphetamine-binding receptor will aid drug discovery.

安非他明结合受体的结构将有助于药物发现。

65.Large language models direct automated chemistry laboratory.

大型语言模型直接自动化化学实验室。

66.How brine shrimps cope with salt.

丰年虾如何应对盐。

67.A next-generation inhalable dry powder COVID vaccine.

下一代可吸入干粉新冠疫苗。

68.From the archive: scientific spelling, and ancient Egyptian art.

来自档案：科学拼写和古埃及艺术。

69.Indigenous diversity in Australia’s DNA tapestry unlocked for genetic equity.

澳大利亚 DNA 挂毯中的土著多样性被释放以实现遗传公平。

70.2D materials ratchet up biorealism in computing.

二维材料提升了计算领域的生物现实主义。

71.Exploring large-scale entanglement in quantum simulation.

探索量子模拟中的大规模纠缠。

72.Evidence for chiral supercurrent in quantum Hall Josephson junctions.

量子霍尔约瑟夫森结中手性超电流的证据。

73.Moiré synaptic transistor with room-temperature neuromorphic functionality.

具有室温神经形态功能的莫尔突触晶体管。

74.Homogenizing out-of-plane cation composition in perovskite solar cells.

钙钛矿太阳能电池中面外阳离子成分的均匀化。

75.Three-dimensional atomic structure and local chemical order of medium- and high-entropy nanoalloys.

中、高熵纳米合金的三维原子结构和局域化学有序性。

76.Autonomous chemical research with large language models.

具有大型语言模型的自主化学研究。

77.Biological carbon pump estimate based on multidecadal hydrographic data.

基于数十年水文数据的生物碳泵估算。

78.Human mobility networks reveal increased segregation in large cities.

人员流动网络显示大城市的隔离现象日益严重。

79.Indigenous Australian genomes show deep structure and rich novel variation.

澳大利亚本土基因组显示出深层结构和丰富的新颖变异。

80.The landscape of genomic structural variation in Indigenous Australians.

澳大利亚土著人基因组结构变异的景观。

81.CHIT1-positive microglia drive motor neuron ageing in the primate spinal cord.

CHIT1 阳性小胶质细胞驱动灵长类脊髓运动神经元衰老。

82.Genetic risk converges on regulatory networks mediating early type 2 diabetes.

遗传风险集中在介导早期 2 型糖尿病的监管网络上。

83.Inhaled SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for single-dose dry powder aerosol immunization.

用于单剂量干粉气雾免疫的吸入 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗。

84.Antigenicity and receptor affinity of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 spike.

SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 刺突的抗原性和受体亲和力。

85.Lung dendritic-cell metabolism underlies susceptibility to viral infection in diabetes.

肺树突状细胞代谢是糖尿病患者对病毒感染易感性的基础。

86.Autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta in patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease.

APS-1 和乳糜泻患者的自身免疫性釉质生成不全。

87.Recognition of methamphetamine and other amines by trace amine receptor TAAR1.

痕量胺受体 TAAR1 识别甲基苯丙胺和其他胺。

88.Ligand recognition and G-protein coupling of trace amine receptor TAAR1.

微量胺受体 TAAR1 的配体识别和 G 蛋白偶联。

89.Structural insights into intron catalysis and dynamics during splicing.

剪接过程中内含子催化和动力学的结构见解。