Linux系统修改/替换软件源(yum) 解决系统更新下载速度慢 - Linux运维系列(一)
极客电玩
2021年02月04日 19:23
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        教程采用阿里云官方的镜像源，解决 Centos / Epel / Ubuntu / Debian / Kali / Raspbian OS(树莓派) 系统更新下载慢的问题，通常系统默认软件源下载速度通常就几百KB/S，因为默认软件源服务器在国外所以慢的要死，修改为国内源后速度直接起飞，国内的源和国外没有区别只是阿里云、腾讯、清华等在国内做了镜像，使国内用户更新下载速度得到改善，这点必须点赞！

阿里云官方镜像站：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/  找到自己系统要更换的源按照教程一步步更换，也可看下面的复制的代码(和官方是一样的，放心食用)

以下教程第一步请备份系统默认源以防万一！！！

Centos6 / 7 / 8 (选择时请对应系统版本执行命令或修改)

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# 备份系统默认源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

# Centos6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

# Centos7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

# Centos8
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

# 运行以下命令生成缓存
yum makecache
复制成功

产生报错信息 Couldn't resolve host 'mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com' 后执行(非必须，视情况而定)

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# 产生报错Couldn't resolve host 'mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com'报错信息后执行
sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
复制成功

EPEL (CentOS中常用的包，RHEL 8 -> Centos8 代指 RHEL 8对应Centos 8)

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# 备份默认epel源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo.backup

# RHEL 8 -> Centos8
# 1.安装 epel 配置包
yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm

# 2.替换repo中源的地址
sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*


# RHEL 7 -> Centos7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo


# RHEL 6 -> Centos6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
复制成功

Ubuntu 18.04 / 20.04 (选择时请对应系统版本执行命令或修改)

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# 首先打开文件source.list
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

# 将archive.ubuntu.com替换为mirrors.aliyun.com
# Ubuntu18.04 替换为如下条目
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse


# Ubuntu20.04 替换为如下条目
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
复制成功

如果是带GUI的系统则打开 菜单 找到 软件和更新 修改以后关闭该页面即可

修改带GUI的软件源

Raspbian OS （树莓派专用系统）

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# 执行之前先切换到超级用户
sudo -i

# 打开source.list文件并编辑
vi /etc/apt/sources.list

# 删除source.list中的所有内容,并替换为以下内容 （记得保存退出）
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib
复制成功

Debian 7.x / 8.x / 9.x (选择时请对应系统版本执行命令或修改)

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# 打开sources.list文件
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

# Debian7.x
# 在打开文件的最前面添加以下条目
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib


# Debian8.x
# 在打开文件的最前面添加以下条目
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main non-free contrib


# Debian9.x
# 在打开文件的最前面添加以下条目
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib
复制成功

Kali

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# 打开source.list文件并编辑
vi /etc/apt/sources.list

# 将带有http://http.kali.org/条目替换为如下两条（也可将默认地址注释，加入以下条目）
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
复制成功

以上只是列举了常见的系统，其它请见<阿里云官方镜像站>

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