【中英跟读文稿】PBS:为什么美国越来越难买到2.5万美元以下的经济型新车?
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2026年01月02日 11:12
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第一部分为中英文对照原文。第二部分为本文中20个高考和考研高频词汇,音标、释义,和例句用法。

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If you're looking to buy a new car in the new year,

如果你打算在新的一年买辆新车,

you might notice the prices seem to be higher than in the past.

你可能会发现价格似乎比过去更高了。

Most notably, there are fewer budget cars on the market.

最明显的是,市场上的经济型车变少了。

PBS News digital producer Cecilia Lahman talks with two experts about why that is.

PBS新闻数字制作人塞西莉亚·拉曼与两位专家探讨了其中的原因。

In 2017, there were 36 vehicle models for sale in the US for less than $25,000.

2017年,美国有36款售价低于2.5万美元的车型。

This year, according to Cox Automotive, there are only five.

根据Cox Automotive的数据,今年仅剩五款。

So where did all the cheap new cars go?

那么,那些便宜的新车都去哪儿了?

Here are four things to know.

以下是你需要了解的四件事。

1,You'd think in this economy people would be snapping up cheap new automobiles.

第一、你可能会认为在当前的经济环境下,人们会抢购便宜的新车。

But Sean Talker of Kelley Blue Book says Americans buying habits have changed.

但《凯利蓝皮书》的肖恩·塔克表示,美国人的购车习惯已经改变。

In November,

11月,

cars priced over $75,000 outsold cars priced under $30,000.

售价超过7.5万美元的汽车销量超过了售价低于3万美元的汽车

And that's a relatively new phenomenon.

这还是一个相对较新的现象。

But the phenomenon is tied to consumer demand, says Christian Sebaugh,

但这一现象与消费者需求有关,克里斯蒂安·西鲍说,

features editor with Motor Trend.

他是《Motor Trend》杂志的专题编辑。

Automakers have realized that the subcompacts,

汽车制造商已经意识到,微型轿车,

the traditional entry level cars that we always think of, just weren't moving.

也就是我们通常认为的传统入门级轿车,根本卖不动。

And so they've pivoted in a way with the SUV, small SUVs and stuff.

所以他们在某种程度上转向了SUV,比如小型SUV之类的车型

And a bonus to meeting consumers where they are bigger profit margins.

迎合消费者需求的额外好处是更高的利润率。

Most SUVs these days are made on the same platform as cars are.

如今大多数SUV都是基于与轿车相同的平台制造的。

The cost of actually building one is relatively similar,

实际制造成本相对接近,

and they're able to sell them successfully for a higher price.

但他们却能成功地以更高的价格出售。

2.

第二、

Tariffs aren't to blame,

关税并非罪魁祸首,

yet American car companies like GM and Stellantis say that so far,

不过,通用汽车和Stellantis等美国汽车公司表示,到目前为止,

Production cost increases from President Trump's tariffs

特朗普总统关税政策导致的生产成本增加

have largely only cut into profits.

在很大程度上只是削减了利润。

But eventually they will raise prices.

但最终他们会提高价格。

They can't afford to absorb the hit forever.

他们无法永远独自承担这一打击。

It's a question of when somebody finally makes the move, then I think they all will.

问题在于谁会率先采取行动,一旦有人开始,我认为大家都会跟进。

But tariff policies on vehicle imports could spell trouble for some existing cheaper models.

但针对汽车进口的关税政策可能会给一些现有的较便宜的车型带来麻烦。

When GM brought back a redesigned Chevy Trax in 2024, it had a price tag under 22k,

当通用汽车在2024年重新推出重新设计的雪佛兰Trax时,其售价低于2.2万美元,

more than 200,000 of the vehicles sold in the first year on the market.

上市第一年就售出了超过20万辆。

But the tariffs kind of threw a wrench into that.

但关税在某种程度上阻碍了这一进程。

To save money, they built it in South Korea.

为了节省成本,他们在韩国进行制造。

And so just after they introduced the new one that was far more attractive,

所以,就在他们推出了这款更具吸引力的新车型之后,

its price went up dramatically due to tariffs.

由于关税原因,其价格大幅上涨。

And let's not forget inflation.

我们也别忘了通货膨胀。

Even with the cars that have had price increases,

即使是那些价格已经上涨的汽车,

it's hard to say how much of the price increases are tariffs, how much of it are,

也很难说清涨价幅度中有多少是因为关税,有多少是因为,

you know, just cost, everything costs more.

你知道,纯粹的成本问题,毕竟什么东西都在涨价。

3.

第三、

Can lawmakers help bring down prices?

立法者能帮助降低价格吗?

In early December, President Trump announced a rollback of fuel emissions standards,

12月初,特朗普总统宣布放宽燃油排放标准,

stating this will help make cars more affordable.

声称这将有助于让汽车价格更亲民。

The action is expected to save the typical consumer at least $1,000 off the price of a new car.

这一举措预计将为普通消费者节省至少1000美元的新车购车成本。

And the Senate Commerce Committee is holding a hearing

参议院商务委员会将在

in January focusing on how some safety standards like automatic emergency braking

1月举行听证会,重点讨论自动紧急制动

and rear seat alarms are driving up vehicle prices.

和后座警报等安全标准是如何推高汽车价格的。

But Tucker doubts either move will make a significant dent in prices.

但塔克怀疑这两种举措是否能对价格产生显著影响。

Back in June, they stopped enforcing the fuel economy standards.

早在6月,他们就停止执行燃油经济性标准了。

So chasing changing a standard that you don't enforce has pretty limited impact anyway.

所以,试图改变一个并未执行的标准,其影响无论如何都是相当有限的。

Were they to remove some of those restrictions on safety,

如果他们取消部分安全限制,

that enables the automakers to remove a few sensors and such.

那将允许汽车制造商移除一些传感器之类的东西。

So it would bring costs down a bit, but nowhere close to what they're discussing.

这确实会稍微降低成本,但远未达到他们讨论的程度。

One policy that did reduce vehicle prices EV incentives.

有一项政策确实降低了汽车价格,那就是电动汽车(EV)激励措施。

Some entry level subcompact EVs like the Chevy Bolt and Nissan Leaf start below $30,000.

一些入门级微型电动车,如雪佛兰Bolt和日产Leaf,起售价低于3万美元。

If you bought an EV manufactured in North America with the Biden era $7,500 tax credit

如果你购买一辆北美制造的电动车,并享受拜登时代的7500美元税收抵免,

that's now been rolled back by Trump,

尽管这一政策现已被特朗普取消,

the final price could have been below $25,000.

最终价格本可以低于2.5万美元。

Those incentives and other investments in EVs did lead to battery costs coming down

这些激励措施和其他电动车投资确实导致了电池成本下降,

and rolling back these incentives will also likely hinder American car companies

而取消这些激励措施也可能会阻碍美国汽车公司

competing on a global level.

在全球层面进行竞争。

The pressure globally is on can you build an inexpensive ev?

全球的压力在于你能否制造出廉价的电动汽车?

And the pressure in the United States is now on can you return to gas powered cars?

而美国的压力现在变成了你能否回归燃油车?

It's a real challenge for them.

这对他们来说是一个真正的挑战。

But it could also push American companies to shift back towards affordable new models.

但这也可以推动美国公司重新转向负担得起的新车型。

Not having that in theory will drive automakers to focus more on the entry level.

理论上,没有了那些措施将促使汽车制造商更多地关注入门级市场。

And instead of fitting all these cars with bells and whistles

不再给所有汽车都装上那些花哨的功能,

like self driving systems and whatnot,

比如自动驾驶系统之类的,

they'll focus more on the traditional basic car.

他们将更多地专注于传统的基础车型。

But Tucker says this is easier said than done.

但塔克表示,这说起来容易做起来难。

Creating new affordable vehicles takes time.

开发新的平价汽车需要时间。

If, you know,

如果,你知道,

Ford were to wake up today and say we need to move back into the subcompact market

福特今天一觉醒来决定我们需要重返微型车市场,

and start making inexpensive cars,

并开始制造廉价汽车,

the first ones would roll off the line in five or six years.

第一批车下线也要等到五六年之后了。

4.

第四、

So in this current market, what are some sub $25,000 vehicles our experts would recommend?

那么在当前市场上,我们的专家推荐哪些低于2.5万美元的车型呢?

Some of our favorite cars in that price range would probably be the new Nissan Sentra,

在这个价位段,我们最喜欢的一些车型可能是新款日产Sentra

the KIA K4.

起亚K4。

It's a sedan that's quite good, the Subaru Crosstrek, so there's a lot of great options.

这是一款相当不错的轿车,还有斯巴鲁Crosstrek,所以有很多不错的选择。

I am a fan of the Hyundai Venue and the Kia Soul below the $25,000 line.

我个人很喜欢2.5万美元以下的现代Venue和起亚Soul。

However,

然而,

both of those are somewhat endangered in that

这两款车都面临着某种停产危机,因为

I'm not certain they're going to be built for the 2027 model year.

我不确定2027款车型是否还会生产它们。

For PBS News, I'm Cecilia Lahman.

PBS新闻,我是塞西莉亚·拉曼。


从新车价格新闻中提取的20个高考&考研高频难点词汇

1. budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/(英/美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ˈbʌdʒ/中/ʌ/短促,/ɪt/轻读,重音在首音节,结尾/-ɪt/清读

📌 词性及变形:adj. 经济型的;预算内的;n.(可数/不可数)预算;v.(及物/不及物)做预算(过去式/过去分词:budgeted;现在分词:budgeting)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指售价较低、适合有限预算人群的经济型汽车

📖 原文例句:Most notably, there are fewer budget cars on the market.(最明显的是,市场上的经济型车变少了。)

🌐 通用例句:We need to stick to the budget when planning our vacation.(规划假期时我们需要遵守预算。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:budget cars(经济型汽车);budget plan(预算方案);within budget(在预算内);budget for(为……做预算)

▫️ 近义词:affordable(adj. 负担得起的,侧重价格合理);economical(adj. 经济的,侧重节省成本);inexpensive(adj. 便宜的,侧重价格低)

▫️ 构词法:源自法语“bougette”(小钱包),后引申为“预算”,形容词形式表“经济型的;预算内的”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语经济、生活类文章高频词汇,作形容词时仅用于名词前修饰,如“budget cars”;作动词时后接介词“for”,表“为……做预算”


2. snap up /snæp ʌp/(短语)

🔊 美式发音提示:/snæp/中/æ/短促,/ʌp/轻读,重音在“snap”上,结尾/p/清读

📌 词性及变形:动词短语(过去式/过去分词:snapped up;现在分词:snapping up);核心词“snap”(v. 抢购;猛地抓住)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指消费者迅速抢购价格便宜的新车

📖 原文例句:You'd think in this economy people would be snapping up cheap new automobiles.(你可能会认为在当前的经济环境下,人们会抢购便宜的新车。)

🌐 通用例句:The limited-edition products were snapped up within minutes of going on sale.(限量版产品上市几分钟内就被抢购一空。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:snap up cheap cars(抢购便宜汽车);snap up bargains(抢购特价商品);snap up tickets(抢购门票)

▫️ 近义词:snatch up(抢购,侧重快速抓取);buy up(大量收购,侧重批量购买);scoop up(抢购,侧重快速获取)

▫️ 用法解析:“snap up”为及物动词短语,后接宾语,强调“迅速、果断地购买”,常与“cheap”“bargains”等词搭配

▫️ 易错点:考研英语生活、商业类文章高频短语,注意不可拆分使用,宾语需放在“up”后,如“snap up the car”而非“snap the car up”


3. outsell /ˌaʊtˈsel/(英/美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ˌaʊt/中/aʊ/圆润,/ˈsel/重音在第二音节,结尾/l/浊读

📌 词性及变形:v.(及物)销量超过;比……卖得好(过去式/过去分词:outsold;现在分词:outselling);派生词:outselling(n. 畅销)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指高价汽车的销量超过低价汽车

📖 原文例句:In November, cars priced over $75,000 outsold cars priced under $30,000.(11月,售价超过7.5万美元的汽车销量超过了售价低于3万美元的汽车。)

🌐 通用例句:This new smartphone model has outsold all its competitors in the first quarter.(这款新智能手机在第一季度的销量超过了所有竞争对手。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:outsell other cars(销量超过其他汽车);outsell competitors(销量超过竞争对手);outsell expectations(销量超出预期)

▫️ 近义词:sell more than(销量超过,通用表述);outperform(v. 表现优于,侧重整体表现)

▫️ 构词法:由“out-”(超过)+ “sell”(卖)构成,字面意为“卖得比……多”,即“销量超过”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语商业、经济类文章高频词汇,为及物动词,后接比较对象,注意过去式和过去分词为“outsold”,易误写为“outselled”


4. pivot /ˈpɪvət/(英/美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ˈpɪv/中/ɪ/短促,/ət/轻读,重音在首音节,结尾/-ət/清读

📌 词性及变形:v.(及物/不及物)转向; pivot(n. 支点;转折点);过去式/过去分词:pivoted;现在分词:pivoting)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指汽车制造商从生产微型轿车转向生产SUV等车型

📖 原文例句:And so they've pivoted in a way with the SUV, small SUVs and stuff.(所以他们在某种程度上转向了SUV,比如小型SUV之类的车型。)

🌐 通用例句:The company pivoted to online sales during the pandemic to survive.(疫情期间,该公司转向线上销售以维持运营。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:pivot to SUVs(转向SUV);pivot strategy(转向策略);pivot on(以……为支点;围绕……展开)

▫️ 近义词:shift(v. 转向,侧重方向变化);switch(v. 转换,侧重更换);turn(v. 转向,侧重动作)

▫️ 构词法:源自古法语“pivot”(支点),动词形式引申为“以支点转动;转向”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语商业、经济类文章高频词汇,作动词时后接介词“to”表“转向……”;作名词时可指“战略转折点”,如“a pivot in the company's strategy”


5. margin /ˈmɑːdʒɪn/(英)/ˈmɑːrdʒɪn/(美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ˈmɑːr/轻读,/dʒɪn/重音在首音节,/ɪ/短促,结尾/-ɪn/浊读

📌 词性及变形:n.(可数/不可数)利润率;边缘;空白处(复数:margins);派生词:marginal(adj. 边际的;微小的)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指汽车制造商销售SUV所获得的更高利润空间

📖 原文例句:And a bonus to meeting consumers where they are bigger profit margins.(迎合消费者需求的额外好处是更高的利润率。)

🌐 通用例句:The company aims to increase its profit margin by reducing production costs.(该公司旨在通过降低生产成本来提高利润率。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:profit margins(利润率);gross margin(毛利率);net margin(净利率);margin of profit(利润率)

▫️ 近义词:profit(n. 利润,侧重整体利润);return(n. 回报,侧重投资回报)

▫️ 构词法:源自拉丁语“margo”(边缘),后引申为“利润空间”,即“利润率”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语商业、经济类文章高频词汇,“profit margins”为固定搭配,表“利润率”;注意与“profit”的区别,“margin”侧重“每单位产品的利润空间”,“profit”侧重“总利润”


6. tariff /ˈtærɪf/(英/美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ˈtær/中/æ/短促,/ɪf/轻读,重音在首音节,结尾/f/清读

📌 词性及变形:n.(可数/不可数)关税;税率(复数:tariffs);v.(及物)征收关税(过去式/过去分词:tariffed;现在分词:tariffing)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指政府对进口汽车征收的税费,影响汽车价格

📖 原文例句:Tariffs aren't to blame, yet American car companies like GM and Stellantis say that so far, Production cost increases from President Trump's tariffs have largely only cut into profits.(关税并非罪魁祸首,不过,通用汽车和Stellantis等美国汽车公司表示,到目前为止,特朗普总统关税政策导致的生产成本增加在很大程度上只是削减了利润。)

🌐 通用例句:The government imposed a high tariff on imported luxury goods to protect domestic industries.(政府对进口奢侈品征收高额关税,以保护国内产业。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:import tariffs(进口关税);tariff policies(关税政策);impose a tariff on(对……征收关税);tariff increases(关税上涨)

▫️ 近义词:duty(n. 关税,通用表述);tax(n. 税,侧重各种税收)

▫️ 构词法:源自阿拉伯语“ta'rif”(通知),后引申为“政府对进口商品征收的税费”,即“关税”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语政治、经济类文章高频词汇,常与“impose”“increase”“cut”等动词搭配;注意“tariff”特指“关税”,而“tax”可指各种税收


7. cut into /kʌt ˈɪntu/(短语)

🔊 美式发音提示:/kʌt/中/ʌ/短促,/ˈɪntu/重音在第二音节,/ɪ/清晰,结尾/u/轻读

📌 词性及变形:动词短语(过去式/过去分词:cut into;现在分词:cutting into);核心词“cut”(v. 削减;切割)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指关税导致的生产成本增加削减了汽车公司的利润

📖 原文例句:Production cost increases from President Trump's tariffs have largely only cut into profits.(特朗普总统关税政策导致的生产成本增加在很大程度上只是削减了利润。)

🌐 通用例句:Rising raw material prices have cut into the company's profit margins.(原材料价格上涨削减了该公司的利润率。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:cut into profits(削减利润);cut into savings(动用储蓄);cut into time(占用时间);cut into space(占用空间)

▫️ 近义词:reduce(v. 减少,侧重整体减少);diminish(v. 削减,侧重逐渐减少);eat into(侵蚀,侧重逐渐消耗)

▫️ 用法解析:“cut into”为及物动词短语,后接宾语,强调“对……造成损害或削减”,常与“profits”“savings”等词搭配

▫️ 易错点:考研英语经济、商业类文章高频短语,注意与“cut down”的区别,“cut down”表“减少;砍倒”,“cut into”表“削减;占用”


8. absorb /əbˈzɔːb/(英)/əbˈzɔːrb/(美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/əb/轻读,/ˈzɔːrb/重音在第二音节,/ɔː/饱满,结尾/b/浊读

📌 词性及变形:v.(及物)承担;吸收;理解(过去式/过去分词:absorbed;现在分词:absorbing);派生词:absorption(n. 吸收;承担)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指汽车公司无法长期独自承担关税带来的成本压力

📖 原文例句:They can't afford to absorb the hit forever.(他们无法永远独自承担这一打击。)

🌐 通用例句:The company will absorb the cost of the repairs for the customer.(公司将为客户承担维修费用。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:absorb the hit(承担打击);absorb costs(承担成本);absorb information(吸收信息);absorb water(吸水)

▫️ 近义词:bear(v. 承担,侧重承担责任或压力);shoulder(v. 承担,侧重主动承担);undertake(v. 承担,侧重承担任务)

▫️ 构词法:源自拉丁语“absorbere”(吸收),由“ab-”(离开)+ “sorbere”(吸吮)构成,原指“吸收”,后引申为“承担”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语经济、生活类文章高频词汇,为及物动词,后接“costs”“hit”“information”等宾语;注意发音,避免误读为/əbˈsɔːb/(英式)或/əbˈsɔːrb/(美式)之外的发音


9. spell /spel/(英/美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/spel/中/e/清晰,重音在首音节,结尾/l/浊读

📌 词性及变形:v.(及物)意味着;招致;拼写(过去式/过去分词:spelt/spelled;现在分词:spelling);n.(可数)拼写;一段时间

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指进口关税政策可能给便宜车型带来麻烦

📖 原文例句:But tariff policies on vehicle imports could spell trouble for some existing cheaper models.(但针对汽车进口的关税政策可能会给一些现有的较便宜的车型带来麻烦。)

🌐 通用例句:The lack of rain could spell disaster for the farmers this year.(今年缺水可能会给农民带来灾难。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:spell trouble(招致麻烦);spell disaster(招致灾难);spell success(意味着成功);spell out(拼写;阐明)

▫️ 近义词:mean(v. 意味着,通用表述);bring about(导致,侧重引发结果);lead to(导致,侧重因果关系)

▫️ 用法解析:“spell”作“意味着;招致”讲时,为及物动词,后接“trouble”“disaster”等名词,强调“可能导致某种不良结果”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语政治、社会类文章高频词汇,注意多义性,作“拼写”讲时过去式有“spelt”和“spelled”两种形式,作“意味着”讲时常用一般现在时表将来


10. throw a wrench into /θroʊ ə rentʃ ˈɪntu/(短语)

🔊 美式发音提示:/θroʊ/中/oʊ/圆润,/ə/轻读,/rentʃ/中/e/清晰,/ˈɪntu/重音在第二音节,结尾/u/轻读

📌 词性及变形:动词短语(过去式/过去分词:threw a wrench into;现在分词:throwing a wrench into);核心词“throw”(v. 扔;投掷)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指关税阻碍了雪佛兰Trax车型的销售进程

📖 原文例句:But the tariffs kind of threw a wrench into that.(但关税在某种程度上阻碍了这一进程。)

🌐 通用例句:The sudden power outage threw a wrench into our plans for the party.(突然停电打乱了我们的派对计划。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:throw a wrench into the process(阻碍进程);throw a wrench into plans(打乱计划);throw a wrench into operations(干扰运营)

▫️ 近义词:disrupt(v. 扰乱,侧重干扰秩序);interrupt(v. 打断,侧重中断动作);upset(v. 打乱,侧重破坏平衡)

▫️ 用法解析:“throw a wrench into”为美式英语短语,表“阻碍;打乱”,强调“使某事难以顺利进行”,为及物动词短语,后接宾语

▫️ 易错点:考研英语生活、商业类文章高频短语,注意过去式为“threw a wrench into”,不可误写为“throwed a wrench into”;同义短语为“throw a spanner in the works”(英式英语)


11. inflation /ɪnˈfleɪʃn/(英/美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ɪn/轻读,/ˈfleɪʃn/重音在第二音节,/eɪ/清晰,结尾/-n/浊读

📌 词性及变形:n.(不可数)通货膨胀;膨胀;形容词形式:inflationary(adj. 通货膨胀的);动词形式:inflate(v. 膨胀;使通货膨胀)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指整体物价上涨,导致汽车生产成本增加,进而推动车价上涨

📖 原文例句:And let's not forget inflation. Even with the cars that have had price increases, it's hard to say how much of the price increases are tariffs, how much of it are, you know, just cost, everything costs more.(我们也别忘了通货膨胀。即使是那些价格已经上涨的汽车,也很难说清涨价幅度中有多少是因为关税,有多少是因为,你知道,纯粹的成本问题,毕竟什么东西都在涨价。)

🌐 通用例句:High inflation has reduced the purchasing power of consumers.(高通货膨胀降低了消费者的购买力。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:high inflation(高通货膨胀);inflation rate(通货膨胀率);inflationary pressure(通货膨胀压力);combat inflation(对抗通货膨胀)

▫️ 近义词:price rise(物价上涨,侧重表面现象);inflationary spiral(通货膨胀螺旋,侧重恶性循环)

▫️ 构词法:源自拉丁语“inflare”(膨胀),由“in-”(加强)+ “flare”(燃烧;膨胀)构成,后引申为“货币贬值导致的物价上涨”,即“通货膨胀”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语经济、政治类文章高频词汇,为不可数名词;其形容词“inflationary”常与“pressure”“rate”“policy”搭配,表“通货膨胀的”


12. rollback /ˈrəʊlbæk/(英)/ˈroʊlbæk/(美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ˈroʊl/中/oʊ/圆润,/bæk/轻读,重音在首音节,结尾/k/清读

📌 词性及变形:n.(可数/不可数)放宽;撤销;回滚(复数:rollbacks);动词形式:roll back(v. 放宽;撤销)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指政府放宽燃油排放标准或撤销电动汽车税收抵免政策

📖 原文例句:In early December, President Trump announced a rollback of fuel emissions standards, stating this will help make cars more affordable.(12月初,特朗普总统宣布放宽燃油排放标准,声称这将有助于让汽车价格更亲民。)

🌐 通用例句:The government announced a rollback of some economic sanctions against the country.(政府宣布放宽对该国的部分经济制裁。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:rollback of standards(放宽标准);rollback of incentives(撤销激励措施);rollback of sanctions(放宽制裁);roll back policies(撤销政策)

▫️ 近义词:reversal(n. 撤销,侧重政策反转);relaxation(n. 放宽,侧重限制放宽);revocation(n. 撤销,侧重正式取消)

▫️ 构词法:由“roll”(滚动)+ “back”(向后)构成,字面意为“向后滚动”,后引申为“政策、标准等的放宽或撤销”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语政治、经济类文章高频词汇,作名词时常与“of”搭配,表“……的放宽/撤销”;其动词短语“roll back”后接宾语,如“roll back the policy”(撤销政策)


13. dent /dent/(英/美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/dent/中/e/清晰,重音在首音节,结尾/t/清读

📌 词性及变形:n.(可数)影响;凹痕;v.(及物/不及物)产生凹痕;影响(过去式/过去分词:dented;现在分词:dentting)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指政策举措对汽车价格难以产生显著影响

📖 原文例句:But Tucker doubts either move will make a significant dent in prices.(但塔克怀疑这两种举措是否能对价格产生显著影响。)

🌐 通用例句:The new policy has made little dent in the unemployment rate.(新政策对失业率几乎没有产生影响。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:make a dent in(对……产生影响);make a significant dent in(对……产生显著影响);dent sb.'s confidence(打击某人的信心);dent the economy(影响经济)

▫️ 近义词:impact(n. 影响,通用表述);effect(n. 效果,侧重结果);influence(n. 影响,侧重潜移默化的影响)

▫️ 构词法:源自古英语“dynt”(打击),原指“物体表面的凹痕”,后引申为“对某事的影响”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语政治、经济类文章高频词汇,“make a dent in”为固定搭配,表“对……产生影响”,为及物短语,后接宾语;注意作动词时过去式为“dented”,易误写为“dentted”


14. enforce /ɪnˈfɔːs/(英)/ɪnˈfɔːrs/(美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ɪn/轻读,/ˈfɔːrs/重音在第二音节,/ɔː/饱满,结尾/s/清读

📌 词性及变形:v.(及物)执行;实施;强制(过去式/过去分词:enforced;现在分词:enforcing);名词形式:enforcement(n. 执行;实施)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指政府停止执行燃油经济性标准

📖 原文例句:Back in June, they stopped enforcing the fuel economy standards.(早在6月,他们就停止执行燃油经济性标准了。)

🌐 通用例句:The police are responsible for enforcing traffic laws.(警方负责执行交通法规。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:enforce standards(执行标准);enforce laws(执行法律);enforce rules(执行规定);enforce compliance(强制遵守)

▫️ 近义词:implement(v. 实施,侧重实施计划或政策);execute(v. 执行,侧重执行命令或任务);impose(v. 强制推行,侧重强加)

▫️ 构词法:源自拉丁语“inforcere”(加强),由“in-”(加强)+ “forcere”(强迫)构成,指“强制实施;执行”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语法律、政治类文章高频词汇,为及物动词,后接“standards”“laws”“rules”等宾语;注意与“implement”的区别,“enforce”侧重“强制执行”,“implement”侧重“落实实施”


15. incentive /ɪnˈsentɪv/(英/美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ɪn/轻读,/ˈsentɪv/重音在第二音节,/e/清晰,结尾/-ɪv/清读

📌 词性及变形:n.(可数/不可数)激励措施;刺激;动机(复数:incentives);形容词形式:incentive(adj. 激励的;刺激的)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指政府为推动电动汽车销售而推出的税收抵免等激励政策

📖 原文例句:One policy that did reduce vehicle prices EV incentives.(有一项政策确实降低了汽车价格,那就是电动汽车(EV)激励措施。)

🌐 通用例句:The company offers financial incentives to encourage employees to work overtime.(该公司提供经济激励措施以鼓励员工加班。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:EV incentives(电动汽车激励措施);financial incentives(经济激励措施);tax incentives(税收激励措施);provide incentives for(为……提供激励)

▫️ 近义词:motivation(n. 动机,侧重内在动力);stimulus(n. 刺激,侧重外部刺激);bonus(n. 奖金,侧重额外奖励)

▫️ 构词法:源自拉丁语“incentivus”(刺激的),由“in-”(加强)+ “centivus”(唱歌)构成,原指“刺激唱歌的”,后引申为“激励措施;动机”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语经济、政治类文章高频词汇,为可数名词,常与“provide”“offer”“introduce”等动词搭配;注意与“motivation”的区别,“incentive”侧重“外部激励措施”,“motivation”侧重“内在动机”


16. hinder /ˈhɪndə(r)/(英/美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ˈhɪn/中/ɪ/短促,/də(r)/轻读,重音在首音节,结尾/-ər/卷舌轻微

📌 词性及变形:v.(及物/不及物)阻碍;妨碍(过去式/过去分词:hindered;现在分词:hindering);名词形式:hindrance(n. 阻碍;障碍)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指取消电动汽车激励措施会阻碍美国汽车公司的全球竞争

📖 原文例句:and rolling back these incentives will also likely hinder American car companies competing on a global level.(而取消这些激励措施也可能会阻碍美国汽车公司在全球层面进行竞争。)

🌐 通用例句:Lack of funding is hindering the progress of the research project.(资金短缺阻碍了该研究项目的进展。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:hinder competition(阻碍竞争);hinder progress(阻碍进展);hinder development(阻碍发展);hinder sb. from doing sth.(阻碍某人做某事)

▫️ 近义词:impede(v. 阻碍,侧重阻碍进程);obstruct(v. 阻碍,侧重阻挡道路或视线);block(v. 阻碍,侧重完全阻挡)

▫️ 构词法:源自古英语“hindrian”(阻碍),直接进入英语后表“阻碍;妨碍”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语经济、政治类文章高频词汇,为及物动词,后接“competition”“progress”等宾语,或接“sb. from doing sth.”结构;注意与“impede”的区别,二者可通用,但“hinder”更侧重“使某事进展缓慢”


17. fit with /fɪt wɪð/(短语)

🔊 美式发音提示:/fɪt/中/ɪ/短促,/wɪð/轻读,重音在“fit”上,结尾/ð/浊读

📌 词性及变形:动词短语(过去式/过去分词:fitted with;现在分词:fitting with);核心词“fit”(v. 安装;配备)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指汽车制造商给汽车安装自动驾驶系统等花哨功能

📖 原文例句:And instead of fitting all these cars with bells and whistles like self driving systems and whatnot, they'll focus more on the traditional basic car.(不再给所有汽车都装上那些花哨的功能,比如自动驾驶系统之类的,他们将更多地专注于传统的基础车型。)

🌐 通用例句:The new office is fitted with modern equipment to improve work efficiency.(新办公室配备了现代化设备以提高工作效率。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:fit with bells and whistles(安装花哨功能);fit with equipment(配备设备);fit with systems(安装系统);fit with devices(安装装置)

▫️ 近义词:equip with(配备,侧重配备必要物品);install(v. 安装,侧重安装设备);furnish with(配备,侧重配备家具或用品)

▫️ 用法解析:“fit with”为及物动词短语,表“给……安装/配备……”,宾语分为两部分,“fit”后接被安装的对象,“with”后接安装的物品

▫️ 易错点:考研英语科技、生活类文章高频短语,注意过去式为“fitted with”(英式)或“fit with”(美式);“bells and whistles”为固定短语,表“花哨的功能;额外的装饰”


18. roll off the line /rəʊl ɒf ðə laɪn/(英)/roʊl ɔːf ðə laɪn/(美)(短语)

🔊 美式发音提示:/roʊl/中/oʊ/圆润,/ɔːf/轻读,/ðə/轻读,/laɪn/中/aɪ/清晰,重音在“roll”上

📌 词性及变形:动词短语(过去式/过去分词:rolled off the line;现在分词:rolling off the line);核心词“roll”(v. 滚动)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指汽车从生产线上生产出来并下线

📖 原文例句:If, you know, Ford were to wake up today and say we need to move back into the subcompact market and start making inexpensive cars, the first ones would roll off the line in five or six years.(如果,你知道,福特今天一觉醒来决定我们需要重返微型车市场,并开始制造廉价汽车,第一批车下线也要等到五六年之后了。)

🌐 通用例句:The new smartphone model will roll off the production line next month.(这款新智能手机将于下月下线。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:roll off the line(下线;出厂);cars roll off the line(汽车下线);products roll off the line(产品出厂)

▫️ 近义词:come off the line(下线,通用表述);leave the production line(出厂,侧重离开生产线)

▫️ 用法解析:“roll off the line”为固定短语,表“(产品)从生产线上下线;出厂”,主语通常为“cars”“products”等名词,为不及物动词短语,不接宾语

▫️ 易错点:考研英语商业、科技类文章高频短语,注意过去式为“rolled off the line”;同义短语为“roll off the production line”,语义更明确


19. endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/(英/美)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ɪn/轻读,/ˈdeɪndʒəd/重音在第二音节,/eɪ/清晰,结尾/-d/浊读

📌 词性及变形:adj. 濒危的;面临停产危机的;动词形式:endanger(v. 危及;使濒危);名词形式:endangerment(n. 危及;濒危)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指部分低价车型可能面临停产

📖 原文例句:However, both of those are somewhat endangered in that I'm not certain they're going to be built for the 2027 model year.(然而,这两款车都面临着某种停产危机,因为我不确定2027款车型是否还会生产它们。)

🌐 通用例句:Many endangered species are protected by international laws.(许多濒危物种受到国际法的保护。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:endangered models(面临停产的车型);endangered species(濒危物种);endangered habitats(濒危栖息地);endangered culture(濒危文化)

▫️ 近义词:threatened(adj. 受到威胁的,侧重面临威胁);imperiled(adj. 濒危的,侧重处于危险中)

▫️ 构词法:由“en-”(使)+ “danger”(危险)+ “-ed”(形容词后缀)构成,指“使处于危险中的”,即“濒危的;面临危机的”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语环保、商业类文章高频词汇,原义指“物种濒危”,此处为引申义“车型面临停产”;注意与“threatened”的区别,“endangered”语气更强,侧重“濒临灭绝或停产”


20. model year /ˈmɒdl jɪə(r)/(英)/ˈmɑːdl jɪr/(美)(短语)

🔊 美式发音提示:/ˈmɑːdl/中/ɑː/饱满,/jɪr/轻读,重音在“model”上,结尾/r/卷舌轻微

📌 词性及变形:名词短语(复数:model years);核心词“model”(n. 型号;款式),“year”(n. 年)

💡 精准释义:(结合语境)指汽车的生产年份及对应的车型款式

📖 原文例句:However, both of those are somewhat endangered in that I'm not certain they're going to be built for the 2027 model year.(然而,这两款车都面临着某种停产危机,因为我不确定2027款车型是否还会生产它们。)

🌐 通用例句:The 2025 model year of this car will feature a new design and improved performance.(这款车的2025款将采用新设计并提升性能。)

🔍 拓展内容:

▫️ 固定搭配:2027 model year(2027款车型);model year changes(车型年度变化);current model year(当前款车型);next model year(下一款车型)

▫️ 近义词:car model year(车型年份,通用表述);model year version(车型年度版本)

▫️ 用法解析:“model year”为固定名词短语,表“汽车的车型年份”,通常用于“the + 年份 + model year”结构,后接“of + 汽车名称”

▫️ 易错点:考研英语生活、商业类文章高频短语,注意不可拆分使用,如“2027 model year”而非“model 2027 year”;“model year”与“calendar year”(日历年)不同,前者指汽车的生产款式年份,后者指自然年