The Battle of Feishui, which took place in August 383 AD, was one of the famous battles in Chinese history in which fewer defeated more.[ 1] It was the decisive battle in a series of campaigns launched by the unified regime in the North against the southern Eastern Jin. The outcome of this campaign had a great impact on the political landscape at that time, delaying the confrontation between the Northern and Southern dynasties of China for more than half a century. This battle is also the source of three famous idioms and allusions, such as throwing a sword at a stream, being all arms, and being gun-shy. The former Qin was the active aggressor on one side, while the eastern Jin was the passive defense against aggression on the other.
The battle was one of the few famous battles in ancient Chinese history in which fewer won more. The forces of the two sides in front of the station were extremely unequal. It was the former Qin army led by Fu Jian that took the initiative to attack, totaling 800,000 troops, including 300,000 under the direct line of former Qin and 500,000 subordinate troops of the northern minority local governments newly submitted to the army. The total strength of the defense was 80,000 Beifu troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. As a result of the war, almost the entire army under the direct line led by Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty was wiped out, while all the subordinate troops defected. As a result, the powerful Former Qin State was destroyed, while the Eastern Jin State was consolidated and preserved. The following is a review of the antecedents and processes of the campaign.
As mentioned above, the Western Jin Dynasty founded by Sima Yan was politically corrupt. The rule of Taikang, like the dew in the morning, came to an abrupt end in less than ten years. The dynasty's fortunes took a turn for the worse and eventually vanished into thin air. However, after Sima Rui, king of Langya, had occupied most of the areas south of the Han and Huai Rivers. [3]In the 317 years of Healthy Park City, which is now the city of Nanjing, King Sima Rui declared himself emperor and founded the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was more dependent on large families to rule, and was more distant from the common people, which made the ruling base weaker. Social conflicts became more acute. There was a lot of conflict between the large families that had migrated from the north and the local families, and there was constant fighting. As a result, after the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the society was very unstable and the political and military power was very weak. It also provided an opportunity for some of the regimes established by the northern minorities.
At the same time, the regimes established by the ethnic minorities in the north of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River also changed as frequently as a series of lanterns. The former Qin state, founded by the Di ethnic group, unified the Yellow River basin after it defeated the separatist powers of Qianyan, Dai and Qianliang.
In June, the third year of Shouguang of the former Qin Dynasty (357), Fu Sheng, the master of Qin, attempted to eliminate Fu Jian, who, acting first, killed Fu Sheng and declared himself king of the Qin Dynasty (not emperor). [4]
As the leader of Ethnic Group Di, also the kinf of former Qin, Fujian relied heavily on his adviser [5]Wang Meng's advice. He adopted many military and political strategies suggested by him. As a result, the national power of former Qin increased rapidly. In 373 AD, the former Qin conquered the Eastern Jin Dynasty's Liangzhou, now Hanzhong in Shaanxi Province, and Yizhou, now Chengdu in Sichuan Province. It attacked to the north and annexed the Dai State founded by the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei people. It expanded to the west and annexed the Former Liang State. He also sent troops to the Western regions, and finally basically realized the unification of northern China. Before Wang Meng's death, he blocked Fu Jian's southerly advance policy and advised Fu Jian not to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty, because he believed that although the former Qin was more powerful than the Eastern Jin, it had just unified the North and was not yet integrated and consolidated internally. It was not yet ripe for a southern attack. Although the Eastern Jin was weaker, it was much stronger than some of the breakaway forces it had conquered in the north. Moreover, the Eastern Jin has a natural defense barrier, the Yangtze River, it is difficult to attack but easy to defend. Fu Jian listened to Wang Meng's suggestion, and for the time being, he stopped his plan to quickly unify the country. But seven years after Wang Meng died of illness, Fu Jian believed that the time was ripe and decided to attack the Eastern Jin. [6]
The first year of Tiayuan, (in 376), the filial piety SyMaYao grow up and start leading, emperor Xiaowudi promoted XieAn to the position of superior secretary of the court, commanding all the state affairs. So, Xie’s family was the last great family to control Eastern Jin dynasty. [7] That same year, FuJian unified the north of China, the former Qin and eastern war was nearer. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were controlled by the Huan clan, while the lower reaches were controlled by the Xie clan. Xie 'an tried his best to coordinate the relations between the two clans and actively prepared for the upcoming war between Former Qin and the Eastern Jin.
In the second year of the Tai Yuan Dynasty (377), the Eastern Jin court appointed Huan Chong's son Huan Si as governor of Jiangzhou. In addition, he appointed Wang Yun, a senior officer of the Ministry of War, as governor of Jiangzhou and governor of Xuzhou. He appointed South County prime minister, Xie Xuan, as the Yanzhou governor, supervising the military of the north Yangtze River. [8]Later Xie An presented his nephew Xie Xuan to defense the northern territories. [9]Xie An himself took command of military of Yangzhou, Yuzhou, Xuzhou, Yanzhou, and Qinzhou, totally five states military forces, covering large area of the whole Yangtze river downstream. [10]Huan secretariat was appointed to jingzhou, defense JingXiang region; Xie Xuan defended Guangling and coordinated with Xie An to defend the Huainan area. In order to strengthen the central army, Emperor Xiaowu ordered Xie Xuan to recruit people from Huainan and Jiangbei to expand his army. In Guangling, he selected good generals, trained elite soldiers, selected Liu Aozhi and others, and set up the elite Beifu Army at that time. [11][12]
In February of Taiyuan three years (378 AC), former Qin King FuJian appointed Fupi as chief general to conquer the south, to lead Gou Chang, general of military defense, and Murong, and general of Shang Shu, with 70,000 cavalry troops, to march for Xiangyang, an important city of Eastern Jin on the western boarder. The three armies encircled Xiangyang with a total of 170,000 troops. [13]
In April, the former Qin army arrived in the north bank of of Gaishui River. The defense army general Zhuxu, however, didn't think the army of the former Qin could cross the river as they had no boat. Therefore, he just kept quiet and work as usual without too much care about the army on the other side of the river. The general of Changle FuPI gave his general command to attack the central city, but the war was fierce as it could not be taken for a long time. [13]
Murongchui captured the Zhengyi after he occupied Nanyang city, then he led hit troops to meet General Fupi in Xiangyang suburb, and let his troops join the attacking of Xiangyang city.
In the first month of the third year of Tai Yuan Dynasty (378), Fu Jian, King of the former Qin Dynasty, sent Fu PI, Yang An, Murong Chui and Yao Chang with a total army of 170,000 troops to attack Xiangyang in four different directions. In April, when the Qin army arrived north of Mianyang Shui, Zhu Xu believed that the Qin army had no boats and did not take precautions. When Shi Yue led five thousand cavalry troops to cross the Han River, Zhu Xu was terrified and firmly defended the central city of Xiangyang. Shi Yue captured the outer city of Xiangyang and captured more than 100 ships, which he used to transport the rest of his troops.
Fu PI gave the general command to attack the central part of Xiangyang. At first, when Zhu Xu's mother Han heard that the Qin army was coming, she went up to the wall to see if it was strong. When she came to the northwest corner of the wall, she decided that it was not strong enough. So she led her maids and more than one hundred adult women in the city to build a wall at an Angle of more than twenty feet inside the wall. When the Qin army arrived, the northwest wall was breached. The soldiers moved to the new city wall to defend it, and the Qin army retreated. Xiangyang called this section of the wall the "Woman's City", which was remembered by later generations.
At that time, the Qin army was about to run out of grain, so they rushed to attack Xiangyang city, and the battle became more intense.
In the first month of the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (379), Zhu Xu repeatedly fought and defeated the Qin army. For a while when Former Qin troops retreated a bit, Zhu Xu thought that the Qin army would not come back, so he stopped fortification. In February, Li Bohu, the governor of Xiangyang, secretly sent his son to the former Qin to show his willingness to surrender and ask him to serve as an internal ally. Fu PI then gave orders to all his troops to attack Xiangyang. On the afternoon of the first day of February, the Qin army took Xiangyang, captured Zhu Xu and sent him to Chang 'an (present Xi 'an, Shaanxi), the former capital of Qin. Fu Jian believed that Li Bohu was disloyal, so he had him killed and put on display. With a force of less than ten thousand men, Zhuxu was able to withstand the attack of 240,000 troops by strengthening the city defenses. It was a miracle that the city defenses could not be broken for one year. If LiBo did not betray him and become Fujian’s internal ally, FuJian might not be able to defeat the city of Xiangyang in a short time. But the misfortune may turn out to be a blessing in disguise. Zhu Xu surrendered and did not die, later playing an important role in the Eastern Jin's victory over Former Qin. Zhu Xu's deeds are another example of Cao Ying's heart in Han Dynasty. The role he played is unmatched by any of his predecessors.
Fu Jian treated Zhu Xu well, believing him to be a talented man of great use. However, Zhu Xu was constantly trying to escape back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He found an opportunity to secretly go to Yiyang and hid in Xia Kui's house. Fu Jian suspected Xia Kui and had him arrested, so Zhu Xu gave himself up to Fu Hui. Fu Jian highly appreciated Zhu Xu for his ability to maintain integrity, so Fu Jian not only did not punish him for fleeing, but also gave him the title of super Military secretary. Zhu Xu was appointed an official, but he still wanted to contribute to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At the Battle of Feishui, he finally played an important role. This is the latter part.
[14]Nearly a year, general Zhu Xu defended Xiangyang and finally captured by former Qin army in February (379). [15]FuJian sent Peng Chao siege PengCheng city, former Qin and Eastern Jin broke another war in Huainan. Xie An stationed at Jiankang and ordered Xie Xuan to lead 50,000 Beifu troops from Guangling to meet the former Qin army. Xie Xuan won four out of four battles and wiped out all the enemy troops. Xie An was made Duke of Jianchang County and Xie Xuan was made Marquis of Dongxing County for his outstanding service. [16]Investigate its reason, on the one hand is Xie An well-prepared earlier. Second, soldiers trained enough to protect the country, high morale. In addition, former Qin army marched long distance to conquer unknown areas, victory was not easy. Since ancient times, those who went out to fight against others without justifiable reasons had few victories.
In August 383 AD, Fu Rong set out for the Feishui River with 250,000 vanguard troops. Fu Jian personally led 1.12 million army with 600,000 infantry and 270,000 cavalry, and later followed suit. [17].The time for the decisive battle on the Feishui River is approaching.
Taking Xie Xuan, the nephew of Xie An, as the vanguard, the Eastern Jin led 80 thousand "Beifu troops", which had been trained for 7 years and had strong fighting capacity, to march up the west of the Huai River to meet the main Qin army.
In May 383, in the 8th year of the Tai Yuan Dynasty, Huan Chong sent 100, 000 Jingzhou troops to attack Qin in order to contain the Qin army and relieve the pressure on the downstream. [18]
August 2, FuJian sending rising tone Fu overseers handsome Zhang Hao, the die is cast and others step, two hundred and fifty thousand horsemen as a striker, appointed yanzhou secretariat of Yao Chang martial general, du yi, okrug the military. [19]
August 8, he sent his army FuJian changan, head of six hundred thousand footmen, and two hundred and seventy thousand cavalry, began invading on a large scale. [20]
September, arrived in XiangCheng. FuJian liangzhou army arrived in Xianyang, 70000 navy passed from Zitong downstream to east, arrived at Peng Cheng to help. Gong Fu Rong and others, with 300,000 troops, arrived at Yingkou in advance. [20]
Eastern Jin in the face of great army, imperial court issued many orders to appoint minister Xieshi as the conquest general, appoint Xiexuan as the front general, together with two otyher generals, Xiyuan and Huanyi, to lead 80000 Beifu elite soldiers to resist former Qin’s huge invading army. [21]
In October, former Qin Fu Rong attacked Shouyang city. On the 18th, Shouyang was conquered and General Xu Yuanxi of Pinglu was captured. Murong Chui captured the Yuncheng City. Fu Rong moved in to attack Xiashi, which Hu Bin had retreated to. Liang Cheng, the former general of the Qin Army, took up a garrison of fifty thousand troops at Luojian along the Huai River to contain the troops to the east. [22]
FuJian large force will stay in XiangCheng (now in henan Shen Qiu), led eight thousand light cavalry, day and night hardships to ShouYang joins the army of three hundred thousand Fu melts. Believing that Fu Jian could win a quick battle, Fu Jian sent Zhu Xu, who was already a senior member of the former Qin Dynasty, to the Eastern Jin Army camp to publicize his military power and persuade Xie Shi to surrender. However, Zhu Xu avoided his followers and privately told Xie Shi that he did not really want to surrender to Former Qin, because the situation was absolutely necessary. Now the Eastern Jin army should not wait. Instead, it should strike first to defeat the Former Qin vanguard. [23]
Zhu Xu said, although there are millions of QianQin soldiers (Former Qin), but there are many in March. In particular, the elite troops had not yet been assembled. Once the march is over and the troops are concentrated, it will be difficult for the Eastern Jin army to resist. Now the situation was different. We should take advantage of the fact that the Qin army could not all arrive and launch an attack quickly. As long as the front troops can be defeated and their spirit can be discouraged, the Eastern Jin can pursue them all, and the FormerQin army of one million troops can be defea ted. At first, Xie Shi thought the Qin army was strong and planned to hold out until the enemy was tired and wait for an opportunity to counterattack. After listening to Zhu Xu's words, he thought that his analysis was very reasonable, so he changed his battle plan. Xie Shi soon decided to turn the defense into an attack and led his troops to take the initiative to face the former Qin army.
In November, Xie Xuan sent Liu Aozhi, prime minister of Guangling, to Luojian with 5,000 elite troops, and ushered in the great battle of Feishui. Qin commanded Liang Cheng to guard the mountain stream and set up an army to meet the attack. Liu Aozhi won the first battle and took Luojian. He killed Liang Cheng, the commander of the army, and Wang Yong, the commander of Yiyang. The Qin army lost ten generals and fifty thousand main forces. He also sent troops to stop the crossing of the Huaihe River, annihilated more than 15,000 former Qin troops, and captured former Qin Yangzhou governor Wang Xian and others. [24]
Eastern Jin dynasty troops marched further west and stationed near Feishui river, the opposite side was occupied already by former Qin army, the confrontation frontier was Feishui water. [25]
In December, Xie Shi sent messengers to visit FuJian, saying a river confrontation is not a long-term solution. He suggested that the former Qin army retreat a bit and let the Eastern Jin army cross the Feishui River for a decisive battle. Many former Qin generals thought it was safer to hold back the enemy at the Feishui River, but Fu Jian believed that he could take the initiative and win the battle while the Eastern Jin army was still crossing river. Since ancient times, there has been a saying in the art of war that if you attack the enemy at half crossing the river, you can gain initiative. [26] Generals no longer insist, therefore, besides, their number is many times the eastern Eastern Jin army. So why should they worry?
The Former Qin agreed to back off and let the Beifu Army cross the river. So Xie Shi sent Xie Yan to select 8,000 warriors to pass the river to attack immediately once he heard the reply. At this moment, a famous scene in history took place. The Qin army retreated a little farther. Zhu Xu led a group of soldiers who wanted to help the Eastern Jin and shouted from behind the line, "The Qin army has failed!" So the retreating Qin army sped up and ran. Even the leading generals could not stop them. In the era of cold weapons, war was fought mainly by discipline and formation. Once it was scattered, it was out of control. The order of the former Qin army was disrupted, and the army fled in disarray, like a mountain, a tsunami, a mountain and a sea, which could not be stopped. In addition, they pursued their troops, Shouting and Shouting, so that they could not stop running until their men and horses were exhausted. The Qin army suffered a complete defeat. During this period, Zhu Xu took the opportunity to rejoin Eastern Jin army, together with Zhang Tianxi and Xu Yuanxi. Fu Rong, the former commander of the former Qin army, was also killed by the chasing army of Eastern Jin.
At the battle of Feishui, more than 700,000 former Qin troops were destroyed or fled. About 400,000 soldiers who had not reached the battlefield on the march withdrew or fled when they heard that they were defeated in front of them. Only the 30,000 troops led by Murong Chui of Xianbei were left intact, and no one fled. This is because he always ran his army strictly and neatly. And because he was in the back, he was less vulnerable.
After this war, Fu Jian's hopes of uniting the North and South were completely dashed. Not only that, but the temporary unification of the North also fell apart, and many people, seeing his poor military ability, were no longer afraid to submit to him. Many local ethnic powers were divided again, and nobles such as Murong Chang of Xianbei and Yao Chang of Qiang took the opportunity to rise again and set up a new country. Fu Jian himself was captured and killed by Yao Chang two years later, which led to the demise of the former Qin Dynasty.
After this war, the division between the North and the South of China continued. The Eastern Jin took advantage of its victory in the northern expedition and recovered its native land south of the Yellow River. Before long, however, the prime minister Xie An died and the general of the front line Xie Xuan retired, so the Eastern Jin went on the defensive.
The victors of the war, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, were unable to regain control over the whole of China, but they effectively contained the southward encroachment of the northern minorities. The Battle of Feishui also became a famous example of the Feishui battle, recorded in military history, and exerted a lasting influence on the concept of war and decisive battle thought of later generations.
The result of the battle stabilized the rule of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, effectively contained the invasion of the northern minorities, and provided a necessary opportunity for the economic recovery and development of the Jiangnan area. In the long run, the most important role after the battle of Feishui is to make the Han nationality in the south central plains culture continue to develop. Directly affects the later of the essence of Sui Dynasty and Tang dynasty to become unified dynasties. cIt can be said that the battle of Feishui saved the core part of the Chinese culture and make it from breathing after five Hu and foster a new chance to rise. [28]
The following paragraphs will briefly summarize the reasons for failure of former Qin at Feishui battle.
First, the Battle of Feishui was fought in the six or seven years after Fu Jian unified the north. At that time, former Qin was only militarily unified, with unstable internal rule and no solid material foundation. Moreover, Fu Jian's successive campaigns made the people tired of war, the morale of the army was low, and the mass foundation was lacking. Just as Engels said, "Successive wars would exhaust even the most powerful state". Before the Southern Expedition, Prince Fu Hong had told Fu Jian that it was necessary for the Eastern Jin to conquer Fu Jian, but the main task at present was to "prepare troops for the Lord in south to blow up himself". Fu Jian should have accepted this idea and continued to restore and develop the economy in the North, so that Fu Jian could build a solid foundation for the unification of the military and administrative union, and then unify the whole country. Increasingly proud of his sudden victory, however, Fu Jian, regardless of the subjective and objective conditions, rushed to launch the war of aggression against Jin, enrolling millions of soldiers, which brought a heavy burden to the people of all ethnic groups in the North. As a result, Fu Jian was unpopular and had low combat effectiveness, so that his front army would immediately scatter and flee as soon as they encountered Eastern Jin army vanguard, without real sense fighting at Feishui. Only one failure ruined many years hard work. [29]
Second, apart from Wangmeng, FuJian’s selection of officials are problematic, even blindly. It was also an important reason for his defeat in the battle of Feishui. Fu Jian favored the upper echelons of the ethnic minorities who had surrendered to the former Qin, loyal and treacherous, while he was wary of Han officials who were loyal to him, so he did not give further attention to them. Even Wang Meng, though Fu Jian said that their relationship was "if Xuande meets Kongming", was wary of it. After the death of Wang Meng, Fu Jian believed himself to be a hero and became more proud of himself, choosing men who were selfish and foolish. Fu Jian would no longer listen to the honest advice of his officials, but highly appreciated the flattering words that were agreeable to his ears. On the topic of attacking Jin, he refused to listen to all the useful dissuasion from his vassals, instead he listened to the slandered remarks of ambitious Murong Chui and others. He went his own way, "headstrong admonition against the plan", "merit is not rewarded, guilty is not punished", so he failed to form a strong and united leadership group, and his defeat was predictable. [29]
Third, FuJian lack of objective analysis, had no careful strategy before the war, and made a series of tactical mistakes during the war. Regardless of the objective conditions, Fu Jian relied only on his military strength of "millions of men with a mountain of staff" and his military power of "throwing a crop on the river to cut off its flow". Fu Jian believed that conquering the Eastern Jin Dynasty "was like making a hasty expedition to fall to Qiu Tu sheto because of the Shang wind. He firmly believe that he would win the war, so he was arrogant in front of the enemy in strategy. When fifty thousand men led by Liang Cheng, a leading army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, were completely wiped out in Luojian by Liu Aozhi, the senior general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fu Jian's morale was seriously damaged. Fu Jian was shocked by this, and he began to think that he feared Eastern Jin. Therefore, when he and Furong, commander of the forward army, climbed the Shouyang Castle and saw that the Jin army was "well-organized and well-armed. Looking to the north at the plants and trees on the Hachiong Mountain, all of them looked like human beings. Gu called Rong and said, 'This is also a fierce enemy.' Worry however have fear ". Hence came the allusion of fear and fear.
Thus, Fu Jian's plan changed from being contemptuous of the enemy to fearing it, from advancing recklessly to fleeing, and finally suffered a disastrous defeat. Fu Rong died in battle while Fu Jian's army in retreat. Fu Jian was struck in the arm by arrow, but led the rest of his army and fled to the north at all costs. When they heard the sound of the wind and the singing of the flying cranes, they thought that the Jin soldiers were still in hot pursuit. So they fled day and night, starving and cold. As a result, when they returned to the north, seven or eight out of the ten troops had been lost. Later generations used to describe a person after being agitated, the heart becomes fragile, once the wind and grass can not stand it, or it can also describe a precarious situation. Alas, because of him, "everything is guarded", " apprehend danger in every sound " these two idioms, but spread through the ages. [29]
Fourth, although the former Qin army number is more than 10 times that of the eastern Jin, but more than half are gathering in March on the way. In fact, there were only about 150,000-200,000 men in the former Qin army. Although the Beifu army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was only 80,000 strong, its training level and combat effectiveness were far superior to those of the former Qin army. [29] Power, therefore, is really a fight, the advantages of the former Qin army are marginal. In addition, the Eastern Jin was a passive defense to protect the country and its morale was high. On the other hand, many of the former Qin armies were sent by the lords of the previously divided regions. They came only when they had to, and they were weary of war and demoralized. In that era, cold weapons played a very important role in fighting wars, and their morale was high and low is of greast importance to victory.
There are also other reasons, such as:
Xie An and others of the main war faction in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were not disorderly in the face of danger and had a firm attitude in the war of resistance.
The army had strong combat effectiveness, the commander had strong command ability, and the soldiers would work together.
The civilian people also organized military forces against the former Qin, and the people supported the Eastern Jin.
The Eastern Jin army occupied the advantageous terrain.
Taking advantage of the internal instability of former Qin, the strategy of dissension was appropriate. There was instability in the Former Qin.
They used stratagem to make them retreat and disrupt the order of their retreat. Then they chased them and expanded their results.
All these factors determined that the seemingly powerful Former Qin was doomed to defeat. In fact, the defeat of Former Qin at the Battle of Feishui was decided when Fu Jian insisted on rushing out troops. Here are two more idioms and allusions to close this chapter.
During the Battle of Feishui, the Jin army recovered Shouyang at the Battle of Feishui. Xie Shi and Xie Xuan sent swift horses to Jiankang to report the victory.Xie An was playing chess with a guest at home at that time. He finished reading Xie Shi sent the good news, quietly, conveniently put the good news on the side, still playing chess. The guests know that the front sent the war report, could not help but ask Xie an: "How is the war?"Xie An said slowly, "The children have defeated the Qin people."Hearing this, the guest was so happy that he did not want to play chess any more. He wanted to tell the good news to others as soon as possible, so he said goodbye and left. Xie An saw the guest off and went back to the house. His excitement could not be contained any longer. As he crossed the threshold, he staggered and broke the teeth of his wooden clog. This is the origin of the famous allusion "broken shoe teeth".
In addition, the origin of another famous idiom, ‘Dongshan comeback’, is related to Xie An. At first, before the battle of Feishui, in August 383, Fu Jian personally led an army of 870,000 men to set out from Chang 'an. When the news reached Jiankang, Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin Dynasty and the civil and military officials in the capital were alarmed. The Jin army and people were not willing to let Souther China to fall to the former Qin, and they expected the prime minister Xie An to make the decision. Xie An was born in Yangxia, Chenjun (now Taikang, Henan Province). He was a scholar. He often visited mountains and rivers in Dongshan, Kuaiji, and recited poems and articles. He had a great reputation among the scholar-officials at that time, and was considered to be a very talented man. But he preferred to live in seclusion in Dongshan rather than become an official. At that time, there was a saying among scholar-officials: "If Xie An does not become an official, what will the people do?"He did not become an official again until he was in his forties. Because Xie An had lived in seclusion in Dongshan for a long time, his re-emergence as an official was later called "making a comeback".
References:
1The Battle of Feishui, Learn Power Quote date 2022-09-03
2Huainan Historical Walk | The Impact of the Battle of Feishui - Toutiao, 2022-09-03
3The Book of Jin
4Zi Zhi Tong Jian Jin Ji 22
5Zizhi Tongjian 27 of Jin Dynasty
6Shi Shuo Xin Yu
7-14Zizhi Tongjian Volume 104
14-29The 150th Volume of Zizhi Tongjian
